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Taine Hippolyte. The Ancient Regime
The Ancient Regime
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
PREFACE:
THE ANCIENT REGIME
PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM
BOOK FIRST. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY
CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF PRIVILEGES
I. Services and Recompenses of the Clergy
II. Services and Recompenses of the Nobles
III. Services and Recompenses of the King
CHAPTER II. THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES
I. Number of the Privileged Classes
II. Their Possessions, Capital, and Revenue
III. Their Immunities
IV. Their Feudal Rights
These advantages are the remains of primitive sovereignty
V. They may be justified by local and general services
CHAPTER III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES
I. Examples in Germany and England.—These services are not rendered by
II. Resident Seigniors
III. Absentee Seigniors
CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES
I. England compared to France
II. The Clergy
III. Influence of the Nobles
IV. Isolation of the Chiefs
V. The King's Incompetence and Generosity
VI. Latent Disorganization in France
BOOK SECOND. MORALS AND CHARACTERS
CHAPTER I. MORAL PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME
The Court and a life of pomp and parade
I. Versailles
The Physical aspect and the moral character of Versailles
II. The King's Household
III. The King's Associates
IV. Everyday Life In Court
V. Royal Distractions
VI. Upper Class Distractions
VII. Provincial Nobility
CHAPTER II. DRAWING ROOM LIFE.2201
I. Perfect only in France
II. Social Life Has Priority
III. Universal Pleasure Seeking
IV. Enjoyment
V. Happiness
VI. Gaiety
VII. Theater, Parade And Extravagance
CHAPTER III. DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE
I. Its Barrenness and Artificiality
II. Return To Nature And Sentiment
III. Personality Defects
BOOK THIRD. THE SPIRIT AND THE DOCTRINE
CHAPTER I. SCIENTIFIC ACQUISITION
I. Scientific Progress
II. Science Detached From Theology
III. The Transformation Of History
IV. The New Psychology
V. The Analytical Method
CHAPTER II. THE CLASSIC SPIRIT, THE SECOND ELEMENT
I. Through Colored Glasses
II. Its Original Deficiency
III. The Mathematical Method
CHAPTER III. COMBINATION OF THE TWO ELEMENTS
I. Birth Of A Doctrine, A Revelation
II. Ancestral Tradition And Culture
III. Reason At War With Illusion
IV. Casting Out The Residue Of Truth And Justice
V. The Dream Of A Return To Nature
VI. The Abolition Of Society. Rousseau
VII: The Lost Children
CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZING THE FUTURE SOCIETY
I. Liberty, Equality And Sovereignty Of The People
II. Naive Convictions
III. Our True Human Nature
IV. Birth Of Socialist Theory, Its Two Sides
V. Social Contract, Summary
BOOK FOURTH. THE PROPAGATION OF THE DOCTRINE
CHAPTER I.—SUCCESS OF THIS PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE.—FAILURE OF THE SAME
I. The Propagating Organ, Eloquence
II. Its Method
Owing to this method it becomes popular
III. Its Popularity
IV. The Masters
CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH PUBLIC
I. The Nobility
II. Conditions In France
III. French Indolence
IV. Unbelief
V. Political Opposition
VI. Well-Meaning Government
CHAPTER III. THE MIDDLE CLASS
I. The Past
II. CHANGE IN THE CONDITION OF THE BOURGEOIS
III. Social Promotion
IV. Rousseau's Philosophy Spreads And Takes HOLD
V. Revolutionary Passions
VI. Summary
BOOK FIFTH. THE PEOPLE
CHAPTER I. HARDSHIPS
I. Privations
II. The Peasants
III. The Countryside
Aspects of the country and of the peasantry
IV. The Peasant Becomes Landowner
CHAPTER II. TAXATION THE PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF MISERY
I. Extortion
II. Local Conditions
III. The Common Laborer
Four direct taxes on the common laborer
IV. Collections And Seizures.—Observe the system actually at work. It
V. Indirect Taxes
The salt-tax and the excise
VI. Burdens And Exemptions
Why taxation is so burdensome.—Exemptions and privileges
VII. Municipal Taxation
VIII. Complaints In The Registers 5272
CHAPTER III. INTELLECTUAL STATE OF THE PEOPLE
I. Intellectual incapacity
II. Political incapacity
III. Destructive impulses
IV. Insurrectionary leaders and recruits
CHAPTER IV. THE ARMED FORCES
I. Military force declines
II. The social organization is dissolved
III.--Direction of the current
CHAPTER V. SUMMARY
I. Suicide of the Ancient Regime
II.--Aspirations for the 'Great Revolution.'
END OF VOLUME
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