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In your view, what are the most important challenges internationally adopted children and their families face? Identify sources and forms of support that might help adopted children and their parents.

For many children, emotional differences are transitional. Research has suggested that most children show resilience in the years after adoption, but some issues continue (Palacios & Brodzinsky, 2010). Those who develop a close bond with adoptive parents tend to show better emotional understanding and regulation, social competence, and also self-esteem (Juffer & van IJzendoorn, 2007). This is true also of children who have experienced emotional neglect, and those effects hold regardless of age of adoption (Barone, Lionetti, & Green, 2017).

Table 2.6

Sources: Akolekar, Beta, Picciarelli, Ogilvie, and D’Antonio (2015); Chan, Kwok, Choy, Leung, and Wang (2013); Gregg et al. (2013); Odibo (2015); Shahbazian, Barati, Arian, and Saadati (2012); Shim et al. (2014); Theodora et al. (2016).