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Development is multidimensional and includes changes in the areas of physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development (Baltes et al., 2006). Physical development refers to body maturation and growth, such as body size, proportion, appearance, health, and perceptual abilities. Cognitive development refers to the maturation of thought processes and the tools that we use to obtain knowledge, become aware of the world around us, and solve problems. Socioemotional development includes changes in personality, emotions, views of oneself, social skills, and interpersonal relationships with family and friends. These areas of development overlap and interact. For example, brain maturation, a physical development, underlies advances in cognitive development, which might enable an adolescent to become better at understanding her best friend’s point of view (Braams & Crone, 2017). In turn, she might become more empathetic and sensitive to her friend’s needs and develop a more mature friendship, influencing her socioemotional development. Figure 1.1 illustrates how the three areas of development interact.

Table 1.1