Читать книгу Baikal lessons. Your environments. Уроки Байкала. Твои окружающие среды. Методическое пособие для изучающих экологию на английском языке - Татьяна Муратова - Страница 8

Man has been trying to make his life easier for many centuries. In doing so, he invented machines and instruments. They have been working – and polluting the world we live in.

In this world around us, there are two things that do not belong to any one country: air and ocean water. In both the air and the water, there is much pollution. People are concerned about the air and the water used by everyone, and they are also concerned about the future of the Earth.

One of the most important pollution problems is in the oceans. Many ships sail in the ocean water – fishing ships, some ships carrying people, some carrying oil. If a ship loses some of the oil in the water, or trash from the ships is put into the ocean, the water becomes dirty. Many fish are dying in the sea, others are getting contaminated. Fishermen catch contaminated fish which may be sold in markets and people may get sick from eating them. Fish may also move to another part of the ocean. Lakes and rivers are getting, too. Some beaches are considered dangerous for swimming.

The second important problem is air pollution.

Cars and factories pollute the air we use. It also destroys the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous light of the Sun.

Another problem is that our forests are dying from acid rain.

This, in turn, affects the balance of nature.

If we want our children to live in the same world we live in, or in a better and healthier world, we must learn to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution.

Topical Vocabulary

to invent machines and instruments – изобретать машины и

инструменты

to pollute – загрязнять

to be concerned about – беспокоиться о чем-либо

to put trash into – сбрасывать мусор

the polluted water – загрязненная вода

to get contaminated – быть отравленным

air pollution – загрязнение воздуха

to destroy the ozone layer- разрушать озоновый слой

to die from acid rain – погибать из-за кислотных дождей

to affect the balance of nature – оказывать влияние на гармонию в природе

to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution – защищать воду, воздух и землю от загрязнения

Answer the questions:

1.Why are people concerned about air and water?

2.What are the consequences of water pollution?

3.What are the consequences of air pollution?

4.What should people do if they want to live on the Earth?

Translate into English:

1.Чтобы облегчить свою жизнь, люди изобретали машины и инструменты.

2.Люди озабочены загрязнением воды и воздуха.

3.Суда, сбрасывая отходы в океан, загрязняют воду.

4.Рыба в загрязненной воде умирает или становится ядовитой.

5.Машины и фабрики загрязняют воздух и разрушают озоновый слой Земли.

6.Кислотный дождь нарушает баланс в природе.

7.Люди должны научиться защищать землю и воздух от загрязнения.

Pollution – Any substances in water, soil, or air that degrade the natural quality of the environment, offend the senses of sight, taste, or smell, or cause a health hazard. The usefulness of the natural resource is usually impaired by the presence of pollutants and contaminants.

Pollution Prevention – Actively identifying equipment, processes, and activities which generate excessive wastes or use toxic chemicals and then making substitutions, alterations, or product improvements. Conserving energy and minimising wastes are pollution prevention concepts used in manufacturing, sustainable agriculture, recycling, and clean air \clean water technologies.

Particulates – Liquid or solid particles such as dust, smoke, mist or smog found in air emissions.

Emission – The release or discharge of a substance into the environment. Generally refers to the release of gases or particulates into the air.

Polluter pays – The idea that a person or organisation causing pollution should pay for cleaning it up.

Too much garbage!

Garbage away!

When you throw something away, it goes in a garbage can. Once a week the garbage truck comes and the can is emptied, and that’s the last you see of it. But what do you think happens to the garbage then? Does it just disappear? No way!

What happens

Almost all garbage is taken to a garbage dump, or landfill, where the garbage truck empties it onto the ground. After the truck leaves, a big tractor comes along pushes dirt on top of the garbage. So, most of our garbage is just buried.

The big mess

Now we are making so much garbage that in many places, there is not enough room to bury it all.

Our mission

We have to act fast and cut down the amount of garbage we make. Can we do it? You bet!

Here’s how

We can recycle (which means re-using materials instead of throwing them away) and precycle (which means not buying things that can’t be re-used, like plastic wrapping and other packaging). If we recycle we will produce a lot less garbage, and help our planet green!

Recycling and precycling projects can de lots of fun. To find out more about what you can do, see Guarding Our Buried Treasures, and Be a Paper-Saver.