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Preface

Bibliographical Note

I. Introduction

II. The Saxon Kings of the Germans, and Revival of the Roman Empire by Otto I. (919–973)

III. The German Empire at the Height of Its Power; The Later Saxon and Early Salian Emperors (973–1056)

IV. France and Its Vassal States Under the Last Carolingians and the Early Capetians, 929–11084

V. The Cluniac Reformation (910–1073) and Italy in the Eleventh Century5

VI. The Investiture Contest (1056–1125)

VII. The Eastern Empire and the Seljukian Turks (912–1095)

VIII. The Early Crusades and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1095–1187)

IX. The Monastic Movement and the Twelfth Century Renascence11

X. Germany and Italy, 1125–1152

XI. Frederick Barbarossa and Alexander Iii. The Renewed Conflict of Papacy and Empire (1152–1190)

XII. France, Normandy, and Anjou, and the Beginnings of the Greatness of the Capetian Monarchy (1108–1189)

XIII. The Third Crusade and the Reign of Henry Vi.24 (1187–1197)

XIV. Europe in the Days of Innocent Iii. (1198–1216)

XV. The Byzantine Empire in the Twelfth Century, the Fourth Crusade, and the Latin Empire in the East (1095–1261)

XVI. Frederick Ii. And the Papacy (1216–1250)

XVII. France Under Philip Augustus and St. Louis (1180–1270)

XVIII. The Universities and the Friars

XIX. The Last Crusades and the East in the Thirteenth Century

XX. The Growth of Christian Spain42

XXI. The Fall of the Hohenstaufen and the Great Interregnum [1250–1273]

Appendix Tables of Sovereigns

(1) Popes

(2) Emperors and Kings of the Romans

(3) Eastern Emperors

(4) Latin Emperors of the East

(5) Kings of Jerusalem

(6) Kings of France

Sidenotes

Footnotes