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ILLUSTRATIONS

THE JUTE INDUSTRY

FROM SEED TO FINISHED CLOTH

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY

CHAPTER II. CULTIVATION

FIG. 1 NATIVES PLOUGHING THE GROUND

FIG. 2 BREAKING UP THE SOIL, OR "LADDERING"

CHAPTER III. RETTING

FIG. 3 PHOTOMICROGRAPHS OF CROSS SECTIONS OF A JUTE PLANT

CHAPTER IV. ASSORTING AND BALING JUTE FIBRE

FIG. 4 NATIVES CARRYING SMALL BALES OF JUTE FIBRE FROM BOAT TO PRESS HOUSE

FIG. 5 NATIVES BAILING JUTE FIBRE IN A WATSON-FAWCETT CYCLONE PRESS

FIG. 6 VESSEL LADEN WITH JUTE AT QUAY-SIDE ADJOINING JUTE SHEDS IN DUNDEE HARBOUR

FIG. 7. HARBOUR PORTERS REMOVING BALES OF JUTE FROM THE VESSEL SHOWN IN FIG. 6

CHAPTER V. MILL OPERATIONS

FIG. 8 BALE OPENER By permission of Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co., Ltd .

FIG. 9 BALE OPENER By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons, & Co .

CHAPTER VI. BATCHING

FIG. 10 HAND-BATCHING DEPARTMENT WITH UNPREPARED AND PREPARED FIBRE

Fig. 11 SOFTENING MACHINE WITHOUT BATCHING APPARATUS

FIG. 12 HAND-BATCHING DEPARTMENT WITH UNPREPARED AND AND PREPARED FIBRE

Fig. 13 SOFTENING MACHINE WITH BATCHING APPARATUS

CHAPTER VII. CARDING

FIG. 14 MODERN BREAKER CARD

FIG. 15 FINISHER CARD WITH DRAWING-HEAD By permission of Messrs. Douglas Fraser &Sons, Ltd.

FIG. 16 WASTE TEAZER By permission of Messrs. James F. Low & Co., Ltd.

CHAPTER VIII. DRAWING AND DRAWING FRAMES

Fig. 17 PUSH-BAR DRAWING FRAME

CHAPTER IX. THE ROVING FRAME

FIG. 18 ROVING FRAME By Permission of Messrs. Douglas Fraser & Sons, Ltd

FIG. 19 ROVING FRAME FAIRBAIRN'S ROVING FRAME IN WORK

CHAPTER X. SPINNING

FIG 20. AN INDIAN SPINNING FLAT

FIG. 21 A LINE OF SPINNING FRAMES

CHAPTER XI. TWISTING AND REELING

CHAPTER XII. WINDING: ROLLS AND COPS

FIG. 22 BOBBIN WINDING MACHINE WITH HANKS

FIG. 23 ROLL WINDER FOR LARGE ROLLS By permission of Messrs. Douglas Fraser & Sons, Ltd .

FIG. 24 ROLL WINDING MACHINE (FROM HANKS) By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons & Co .

FIG. 25 COP WINDING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Douglas Fraser & Sons, Ltd .

FIG. 26 COP WINDING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co., Ltd .

CHAPTER XIII. WARPING, BEAMING AND DRESSING

FIG. 27 A ROW OF MODERN WARPING MILLS

FIG. 28 POWER CHAIN OF WARP LINKING MACHINE

FIG. 29 WINDING-ON OR DRY BEAMING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co. Ltd .

FIG. 30 A MODERN YARN DRESSING MACHINE WITH SIX STEAM-HEATED CYLINDERS

FIG. 31 DRESSING MACHINE FOR PREPARING TWO WARPS SIMULTANEOUSLY By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons & Co .

CHAPTER XIV. TYING-ON, DRAWING-IN, AND WEAVING

FIG. 32 SIX DISTINCT KINDS OF TYPICAL JUTE FABRICS

FIG. 33 POINT-PAPER DESIGNS SHOWING WEAVES FOR VARIOUS CLOTHS

FIG. 34 DIAGRAMMATIC VIEWS OF THE STRUCTURE OF PLAIN CLOTH

FIG. 35 WEAVING SHED WITH BELT-DRIVEN LOOMS

FIG. 36 LOOMS DRIVEN WITH INDIVIDUAL MOTORS By permission of The English Electric Co., Ltd.

FIG. 37 DOBBY LOOM By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons & Co .

FIG. 38 BRUSSELS CARPET JACQUARD LOOM

FIG. 39. THE OLD WAY

FIG. 40. THE NEW WAY By permission of Messrs. Herbert Morris, Ltd .

CHAPTER XV. FINISHING

FIG. 41 CROPPING MACHINE AT WORK

FIG. 42 DOUBLE CROPPING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons & Co., Ltd .

FIG. 43 DAMPING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons & Co., Ltd .

FIG. 44 CALENDAR

FIG. 45 HYDRAULIC MANGLE. By permission of Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co., Ltd .

Fig 46 FOLDING, LAPPING OR PLEATING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Charles Parker, Sons & Co. Ltd .

FIG. 47 CRISPING, CREASING OR RIGGING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Urquhart Lindsay & Co. Ltd .

FIG 48 SEMI-MECHANICAL BAG OR SACK CUTTING MACHINE By permission of Messrs. Urquhart, Lindsay & Co. Ltd

FIG. 49 OVERHEAD (LAING) SACK SEWING MACHINE By permission of Mr. D. J. Macdonald

FIG. 50 SACK PRINTING MACHINE By Permission of Mr. D. J. Macdonald .

The End