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Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

A Diseases of the arteries

1 Supra-aortic vessels

1.1 Extracranial stenoses and occlusive processes

1.1.1 Anatomy of the extracranial arteries

1.1.2 Clinical picture (carotid artery, vertebral artery)

1.1.3 Clinical Undings

1.1.4 Differential diagnosis

1.1.5 Diagnosis

1.1.6 Treatment

1.2 Intracranial stenoses and occlusive processes

1.2.1 Basic anatomy of the intracranial arterial system

1.2.2 Clinical picture

1.2.3 Differential diagnosis

1.2.4 Imaging diagnosis

1.2.5 Treatment

1.3 Intracranial aneurysms, AV malformations, and other vascular malformations

1.3.1 Aneurysms

1.3.2 Arteriovenous malformations and dural fistulas

1.3.3 Occult (“low-flow”) cerebral vascular malformations

1.4 Treatment for acute stroke

1.4.1 Clinical picture

1.4.2 Clinical Undings

1.4.3 Differential diagnosis

1.4.4 Diagnosis

1.4.5 Treatment

2 Thoracic arteries

2.1 Arteriosclerotic and acquired inflammatory and congenital diseases of the thoracic aorta

2.1.1 Anatomy of the whole aorta

2.1.2 Clinical pictures and epidemiology of arteriosclerotic and acquired diseases of the thoracic aorta

2.1.3 Clinical Undings

2.1.4 Differential diagnoses

2.1.5 Diagnosis

2.1.6 Treatment

2.1.7 Clinical results

2.1.8 Prospects

2.1.9 Marfan syndrome and aortic diseases determined genetically

2.1.10 Adults with congenital aortic isthmus stenosis

2.2 Diseases of the pulmonary arteries

2.2.1 Pulmonary artery embolism

2.2.2 Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH)

2.2.3 Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs)

3 Abdominal vessels

3.1 Diseases of the abdominal aorta

3.1.1 Abdominal aortic aneurysm

3.1.2 Aortic stenosis

3.2 Diseases of the branches of the abdominal aorta

3.2.1 Anatomy of the mesenteric and renal arteries

3.2.2 Acute and chronic mesenteric occlusive disease

3.2.3 Renal artery stenosis

3.2.4 Renal sympathetic denervation

3.2.5 Aneurysms of the branches of the abdominal aorta

3.2.6 Arteriovenous malformations and other vascular malformations

4 Diseases of the arteries of the extremities

4.1 Stenotic diseases of the proximal arteries of the upper extremity

4.1.1 Anatomy of the proximal arteries in the upper extremities

4.1.2 Clinical picture

4.1.3 Clinical Undings

4.1.4 Diagnosis

4.1.5 Differential Diagnosis

4.1.6 Treatment

4.2 Creation of dialysis fistulas and treatment of dialysis shunt insufficiency

4.2.1 Introduction

4.2.2 Shunt creation

4.2.3 Alternative dialysis procedures

4.2.4 Dialysis shunt insufficiency

4.2.5 Shunt aneurysms

4.2.6 Shunt infection

4.2.7 Summary and prospects

4.3 Raynaud syndrome

4.3.1 Introduction

4.3.2 Diagnostic procedure

4.3.3 Treatment

4.4 Stenoses and occlusive processes in the lower extremity

4.4.1 Clinical picture, clinical findings, diagnosis and differential diagnosis

4.4.2 Prevention and management of cardiovascular risk factors

4.4.3 Conservative treatment for chronic peripheral arterial occlusive disease

4.4.4 Conservative treatment of chronic ischemic wounds

4.4.5 Regenerative treatment for peripheral arterial occlusive disease

4.4.6 Rehabilitation in peripheral arterial occlusive disease

4.4.7 Endovascular and surgical treatment in the pelvic arteries.technique, clinical results, prospects

4.4.8 Conservative, endovascular, and surgical treatment for femoropopliteal lesions

4.4.9 Endovascular and surgical treatment in the infrapopliteal arteries: technique, clinical results, prospects

4.5 Aneurysms in the arteries of the extremities

4.5.1 True aneurysm

4.5.2 Pseudoaneurysm

4.6 Arteriovenous fistula

4.6.1 Clinical picture

4.6.2 Clinical findings

4.6.3 Differential diagnosis and diagnosis

4.6.4 Prevention

4.6.5 Treatment

4.7 Compression syndromes in the extremities

4.7.1 Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

4.7.2 Compression syndrome in the brachial artery

4.7.3 Compression syndrome in the popliteal artery

B Diseases of the veins

1 Venous thrombosis

1.1 Venous thrombosis in the lower extremity

1.1.1 Basic anatomy

1.1.2 Clinical picture

1.1.3 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

1.1.4 Treatment

1.2 Venous thrombosis in the upper extremity

1.2.1 Clinical picture

1.2.2 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

1.2.3 Treatment

2 Superficial thrombophlebitis

2.1 Basic anatomy

2.1.1 Superficial venous system-lower extremity

2.2 Clinical picture

2.2.1 Varicophlebitis

2.2.2 Thrombophlebitis saltans et migrans

2.2.3 Mondor disease

2.2.4 Catheter-associated thrombophlebitis

2.3 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

2.3.1 Inspection and palpation

2.3.2 Doppler and duplex ultrasonography

2.3.3 Further diagnostic procedures

2.4 Treatment

2.4.1 Conservative treatment

2.4.2 Endovascular therapy

2.4.3 Surgical treatment

3 Varicosis

3.1 Clinical picture

3.2 Clinical findings

3.3 Diagnosis

3.3.1 Functional diagnosis

3.3.2 Doppler and duplex ultrasonography

3.3.3 Further invasive diagnostic procedures

3.4 Treatment

3.4.1 Conservative treatment

3.4.2 Endovascular therapy/endoluminal treatment

3.4.3 Surgical treatment

4 Venous ulcer

4.1 Clinical picture

4.2 Clinical findings

4.3 Diagnosis

4.3.1 Clinical diagnosis

4.3.2 Diagnostic imaging

4.4 Treatment

4.4.1 Conservative treatment

4.4.2 Surgical treatment

5 Portal vein thrombosis, splenic vein thrombosis

5.1 Clinical picture

5.2 Clinical findings

5.3 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

5.4 Treatment

5.4.1 Interventional therapy for portal vein thrombosis

6 Portal hypertension

6.1 Clinical picture

6.2 Clinical findings

6.3 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

6.4 Treatment

7 Diseases of the superior vena cava and its major afferent vessel

7.1 Etiology

7.2 Clinical findings

7.3 Diagnosis

7.3.1 Duplex ultrasonography

7.3.2 Phlebography

7.3.3 Computed tomography

7.4 Treatment

7.4.1 Paget-von Schroetter syndrome

7.4.2 Central venous stenoses and occlusions with dialysis shunts

7.4.3 Malignant obstructions with superior inflow congestion

C Inflammatory vascular diseases

1 Diagnosis and classification of vasculitides

1.1 Clinical picture and definition

1.2 Diagnosis

1.2.1 History

1.2.2 Clinical findings

1.2.3 Serology

1.2.4 Imaging diagnosis

1.2.5 Histology

1.3 Subdivision and classification of vasculitides

1.3.1 Subdivision of vasculitides

1.3.2 Classification criteria for primary systemic vasculitides

1.4 Treatment

1.4.1 Foundations of treatment

1.4.2 Type of disease

1.4.3 Extent of vasculitis

1.4.4 Organ involvement

1.4.5 Vasculitis activity

1.4.6 Drugs and treatment protocols

2 Giant cell arteritis

2.1 Clinical picture

2.1.1 Epidemiology

2.1.2 Etiology and pathogenesis

2.1.3 Histopathology

2.2 Clinical findings

2.3 Diagnosis

2.3.1 Clinical examination

2.3.2 Diagnostic testing

2.3.3 Differential diagnosis

2.4 Treatment

2.4.1 Drug treatment

2.4.2 Endovascular treatment

2.5 Prognosis and course

3 Takayasu arteritis

3.1 Clinical picture

3.1.1 Epidemiology

3.1.2 Etiology

3.1.3 Histopathology

3.2 Clinical findings

3.3 Diagnosis

3.3.1 Clinical examination

3.3.2 Laboratory and imaging diagnosis

3.4 Treatment

3.4.1 Drug therapy

3.4.2 Endovascular treatment

3.5 Prognosis and course

4 Polyarteritis nodosa

4.1 Clinical picture

4.1.1 Epidemiology

4.1.2 Etiology and pathogenesis

4.2 Clinical findings

4.3 Diagnosis

4.3.1 Clinical examination

4.3.2 Laboratory diagnosis

4.3.3 Biopsy/histology

4.3.4 Imaging diagnosis

4.3.5 Differential diagnosis

4.4 Treatment

4.4.1 Inducing remission

4.4.2 Remission maintenance

4.4.3 Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa

4.5 Prognosis and course

5 Kawasaki syndrome

5.1 Clinical picture

5.1.1 Epidemiology

5.1.2 Etiology and pathogenesis

5.2 Clinical findings

5.3 Diagnosis

5.3.1 Laboratory diagnosis

5.3.2 Electrocardiography

5.3.3 Echocardiography

5.3.4 Differential diagnosis

5.4 Treatment

5.4.1 Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

5.4.2 Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)

5.4.3 Therapy for treatment-refractory courses

5.5 Prognosis and course

6 Wegener granulomatosis

6.1 Clinical picture

6.1.1 Epidemiology

6.1.2 Etiology and pathogenesis

6.1.3 Histopathology

6.2 Clinical findings

6.3 Diagnosis

6.3.1 Clinical examination

6.3.2 Diagnostic testing

6.3.3 Biopsy/histology

6.3.4 Imaging diagnosis

6.3.5 Differential diagnosis

6.4 Treatment

6.4.1 Initial phase (localized Wegener granulomatosis)

6.4.2 Early systemic phase

6.4.3 Generalization phase

6.4.4 Supportive therapy

6.5 Prognosis and course

7 Microscopic polyangiitis

7.1 Clinical picture

7.1.1 Epidemiology

7.1.2 Etiology and pathogenesis

7.2 Clinical findings

7.3 Diagnosis

7.3.1 Clinical examination

7.3.2 Diagnostic testing

7.3.3 Biopsy/histology

7.3.4 Imaging diagnosis

7.3.5 Differential diagnosis

7.4 Treatment

7.5 Prognosis and course

8 Churg-Strauss syndrome

8.1 Clinical picture

8.1.1 Epidemiology

8.1.2 Etiology and pathogenesis

8.2 Clinical findings

8.3 Diagnosis

8.3.1 Clinical examination

8.3.2 Diagnostic testing

8.3.3 Differential diagnosis

8.4 Treatment

8.4.1 Glucocorticoids

8.4.2 Immunosuppressants

8.4.3 Interferon-α

8.5 Prognosis and course

9 Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis

9.1 Clinical picture

9.1.1 Etiology and pathogenesis

9.2 Clinical findings

9.3 Diagnosis

9.4 Treatment

9.5 Prognosis and course

10 Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis

10.1 Clinical picture

10.2 Clinical findings

10.3 Diagnosis

10.4 Treatment

10.5 Prognosis and course

11 Schonlein-Henoch purpura

11.1 Clinical picture

11.2 Clinical findings

11.3 Diagnosis

11.4 Treatment

11.5 Prognosis

12 Secondary vasculitides

12.1 Clinical picture

12.2 Clinical findings

12.3 Diagnosis

12.4 Treatment

12.5 Prognosis

13 Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO)

13.1 Clinical picture

13.2 Diagnosis and differential diagnoses

13.3 Pathology

13.4 Clinical manifestation

13.5 Treatment

13.5.1 Conservative treatment

13.5.2 Endovascular therapy

13.5.3 Surgical treatment

D Congenital vascular diseases

1 Introduction

2 Arterial malformations

2.1 Stenotic arterial malformations

2.1.1 Aortic isthmus stenosis

2.1.2 Coarctation of the abdominal aorta

2.1.3 Fibromuscular dysplasia

2.2 Aneurysmal arterial diseases

2.2.1 Congenital aneurysms

2.2.2 Aneurysms as a sign of vasculitis

2.2.3 Pseudoaneurysms and mycotic aneurysms

3 Venous malformations

3.1 Congenital malformations of the inferior vena cava

3.1.1 Clinical findings

3.1.2 Diagnosis

3.1.3 Treatment

E Diseases of the lymphatic system

1 Diseases of the lymphatic system

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Etiology and pathogenesis, differential-diagnostic aspects, and course: lymphedema.lipedema

1.2.1 Lymphedema

1.2.2 Lipedema

1.3 Treatment

1.3.1 Treatment for lymphedema

1.3.2 Treatment for lipedema

1.3.3 Contraindications to lymph drainage and/or compression bandages

1.4 Conclusions and summary

Index

Vascular Medicine

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