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The events of the Second World War in the Yugoslav areas are considerably more complex than many of the histories constructed to recount them. The interwar kingdom of Yugoslavia was dismembered by the occupying Axis powers. Yugoslav forces, divided along political, ethnic, religious and regional lines, fought with or against the occupiers, and they fought internally. Large scale massacres and war crimes were committed by the occupiers as well as by domestic groups against each other.¹ These events left sore memories and a complicated history to the post-war Yugoslav state.

This chapter aims to give a brief survey of the events of the Second World War in the Yugoslav areas, as they have since been illuminated by research, and to point out the elements of war crimes and massacres that were to cause particular dispute and sensation in Yugoslav historical culture.