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1 1. Greta Thunberg’s speech to the UN Conference on Climate Change, September 2019. Online at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/sep/23/world-leaders-generation-climate-breakdown-greta-thunberg.

2 2. Kennedy’s speech at the University of Kansas, 18 March 1968: https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/the-kennedy-family/robert-f-kennedy/robert-f-kennedy-speeches/remarks-at-the-university-of-kansas-march-18-1968.

3 3. Details of the day in Kansas from Halberstam 1968, Kennedy 2018, Newfield 1969 and the personal recollections of Kennedy’s speechwriter, Adam Walinsky.

4 4. Kennedy’s speech at Kansas State University, 18 March 1968: https://www.k-state.edu/landon/speakers/robert-kennedy/transcript.html. ‘Happy roar’: Newfield 1969, p. 232.

5 5. This particular anecdote comes from Adam Walinsky’s account of that day (personal correspondence). It is also reported in Newfield’s (1969, pp. 232–5) account of the trip.

6 6. Newfield (1969, p, 234) describes RFK’s second speech that day as extemporaneous. Walinsky’s account of the re-write on the journey from KSU explains why it had this slightly informal quality.

7 7. Cult phenomenon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmkmJk7LHdk; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgLSH-VvwRY. Scientific evidence, see, for instance: IPBES 2019; IPCC 2018; Klein 2019; Porritt 2020.

8 8. The full text of RFK’s speech at the University of Kansas can be found in full online (see note 2). A recording of the speech is available on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7-G3PC_868.

9 9. For a more detailed history of the emergence of the GDP, see, for instance: Coyle 2014; Fioramonti 2015; Philipsen 2015.

10 10. In keeping with the preferences of the day, RFK referred in his speech to the Gross National Product, a term which is much less frequently used today, rather than the Gross Domestic Product. Formally speaking, the GDP measures the value of goods and services produced within a nation’s borders, while the GNP measures the value of goods and services produced by a nation’s citizens, whether they live within the national borders or not. There are crucial and important differences between these two measures when it comes to their use as indicators of national progress. Some ‘economic miracles’ of the last decade (Ireland and Portugal, for example) look a lot less miraculous when the GNP is used in place of the GDP.The reference to Whitman’s rifle and Speck’s knife alludes to the weapons of two infamous serial killers who terrorized America in the summer of 1966. In fact, it places the origins of this section of the speech at an earlier point in time than the Kansas visit – a suspicion confirmed by Walinsky, who remembers it first being used at an event in Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1966. There’s no formal record of that first outing.

11 11. Historical data on GDP and growth rates can be found in the World Bank’s World Development Indicators Databank, online at: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators.

12 12. Critique of growth: d’Alisa et al. 2014; Jackson 2017; Kallis et al. 2020; Raworth 2017; Trebeck and Williams 2019; Victor 2019.

13 13. On JFK, Carson and Douglas see: https://www.audubon.org/magazine/may-june-2012/rachel-carson-and-jfk-environmental-tag-team.

14 14. See Introduction to Galbraith 1958, p. xi.

15 15. Schlesinger 1956, p. 10.

16 16. EU: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/beyond_gdp/background_en.html. OECD: https://www.oecd.org/statistics/measuring-economic-social-progress/. World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/gdp-alternatives-growth-change-economic-development/. Lunatics etc.: see Jackson 2017, p. 21. Prime Ministers: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-speech-on-wellbeing.

17 17. For an overview, see Corlet Walker and Jackson 2019. See also: Kubiszewski et al. 2013; https://treasury.govt.nz/information-and-services/nz-economy/higher-living-standards/our-living-standards-framework.

18 18. Stiglitz: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/24/metrics-gdp-economic-performance-social-progress.

19 19. Daly 1968. For a discussion of the paper – and the circumstances of publication – see Victor 2021, Chapter 4.

20 20. Daly’s work was also influenced by his doctoral supervisor, the Romanian-born mathematician Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, who at that point was preoccupied with the fundamentally ‘entropic’ nature of the economy as a thermodynamic system. More of that in Chapter 5.

21 21. Ecological economics: Common and Stagl 2005; Costanza 1991; Daly and Cobb 1989; Daly and Farley 2011; Martinez-Alier 1991. See also the journal Ecological Economics: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/ecological-economics. Steady state: Daly 1974, pp. 15–16; see also Daly 1977; 2014.

22 22. Mill 1848, p. 593.

23 23. Kennedy’s shooting, see Newfield 1969, pp. 289–304. See also: http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/K%20Disk/Kennedy%20Robert%20F%20Assassination%20Clips/Item%20054.pdf.