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Apart from Laos, all countries of Southeast Asia have access to the sea. To the west is the Indian Ocean, to the east the Pacific. These two worlds are also the natural boundaries in the West, East and South. The two oceans are separated from the Strait of Malacca, one of the most important sea trade routes. Other seas belonging to Southeast Asia are the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, the Java Sea, the Timor Sea, the Banda Sea and the Arafura Sea.

In the north, the mountain ranges of the Garo and the Khasi mountain in India, and the Chinese mountain ranges in the provinces of Yunnan, Hengduan Shan and Guangxi form natural boundaries to Southeast Asia.