Читать книгу The 2010 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 253

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the pan-Slavic white-blue-red colors were modified by substituting a green band (representing freedom) for the blue

note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

National anthem:

name: "Mila Rodino" (Dear Homeland)

lyrics/music: Tsvetan Tsvetkov RADOSLAVOV

note: adopted 1964; the anthem was composed in 1885 by a student en route to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War

Economy ::Bulgaria

Economy - overview:

Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, averaged more than 6% growth from 2004 to 2008, driven by significant amounts of foreign direct investment and consumption. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but the global downturn sharply reduced domestic demand, exports, capital inflows, and industrial production. GDP contracted by approximately 5% in 2009, and stagnated in 2010, despite a significant recovery in exports. The economy is expected to grow modestly in 2011, however. Corruption in the public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime remain significant challenges.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$91.83 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 $91.83 billion (2009 est.)

$96.67 billion (2008 est.)

note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$44.84 billion (2010 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

0% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 190 −5% (2009 est.)

6.2% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$12,800 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 89 $12,700 (2009 est.)

$13,300 (2008 est.)

note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 7.5%

industry: 27.6%

services: 64.9% (2009 est.)

Labor force:

2.61 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 7.5%

industry: 36.4%

services: 56.1% (2008 est.)

Unemployment rate:

9.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 103 6.3% (2008 est.)

Population below poverty line:

14% (2008)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2.9%

highest 10%: 24.1% (2008)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

29.8 (2008) country comparison to the world: 114 26.4 (2001)

Investment (gross fixed):

22.8% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Public debt:

16.2% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 115 14.8% of GDP (2009 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

2.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 1.6% (2009)

Central bank discount rate:

0.55% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 78 5.77% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

11.34% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 84 10.86% (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of narrow money:

$12.7 billion (31 December 2010 est) country comparison to the world: 68 $12.91 billion (31 December 2009 est)

Stock of broad money:

$35.37 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 73 $33.93 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit:

$34.54 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $33.89 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$7.103 billion (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 69 $8.858 billion (31 December 2008)

$21.79 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture - products:

vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock

Industries:

electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Industrial production growth rate:

0.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

Electricity - production:

44.83 billion kWh (2008) country comparison to the world: 51

Electricity - consumption:

29.9 billion kWh (2008) country comparison to the world: 59

Electricity - exports:

5.407 billion kWh (2008)

Electricity - imports:

3.097 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

3,227 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 101

Oil - consumption:

125,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Oil - exports:

76,570 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Oil - imports:

189,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Oil - proved reserves:

15 million bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Natural gas - production:

218 million cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 74

Natural gas - consumption:

3.35 billion cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 70

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 198

Natural gas - imports:

3.48 billion cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 38

Natural gas - proved reserves:

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Current account balance:

-$1.528 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 153 -$4.348 billion (2009 est.)

Exports:

$19.33 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 $16.53 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities:

clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels

Exports - partners:

Germany 11.21%, Greece 9.43%, Italy 9.24%, Romania 8.52%, Turkey 7.33%, Belgium 5.61%, France 4.44% (2009)

Imports:

$22.78 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $22.22 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials

Imports - partners:

Russia 13.14%, Germany 12.23%, Italy 7.78%, Greece 6.17%, Romania 5.65%, Turkey 5.48%, Ukraine 4.81%, Austria 4.08% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$15.07 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $18.53 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external:

$36.15 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 $39.56 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$51.28 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 $49.28 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$1.372 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 70 $1.194 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Exchange rates:

leva (BGN) per US dollar - 1.5138 (2010), 1.404 (2009), 1.3171 (2008), 1.4366 (2007), 1.5576 (2006)

Communications ::Bulgaria

Telephones - main lines in use:

2.164 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 52

Telephones - mobile cellular:

10.617 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 62

Telephone system:

general assessment: inherited an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network from the Soviet era; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line now connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay

domestic: the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 in an effort to upgrade fixed-line services; mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, approached 150 telephones per 100 persons in 2009

international: country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2009)

Broadcast media:

4 national terrestrial television stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately-owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2007)

Internet country code:

.bg

Internet hosts:

785,546 (2010) country comparison to the world: 46

Internet users:

3.395 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 63

Transportation ::Bulgaria

Airports:

210 (2010) country comparison to the world: 30

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 130

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 17

1,524 to 2,437 m: 15

under 914 m: 96 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 80

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 6

under 914 m: 73 (2010)

Heliports:

3 (2010)

Pipelines:

gas 2,926 km; oil 339 km; refined products 156 km (2009)

Railways:

total: 4,294 km country comparison to the world: 38 standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,880 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 40,231 km country comparison to the world: 89 paved: 39,587 km (includes 418 km of expressways)

unpaved: 644 km (2008)

Waterways:

470 km (2009) country comparison to the world: 85

Merchant marine:

total: 37 country comparison to the world: 79 by type: bulk carrier 16, cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1

foreign-owned: 27 (Germany 25, Russia 2)

registered in other countries: 31 (Comoros 8, Malta 7, Panama 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10) (2010)

Ports and terminals:

Burgas, Varna

Military ::Bulgaria

Military branches:

Bulgarian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air

Forces (Bulgarski Voennovazdyshni Sily, BVVS) (2010)

Military service age and obligation:

18–27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in January 2008; service obligation 6–9 months (2010)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,660,930

females age 16–49: 1,646,170 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,337,201

females age 16–49: 1,360,039 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 35,604

female: 34,199 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures:

2.6% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 58

Transnational Issues ::Bulgaria

Disputes - international:

none

Illicit drugs:

major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions (2008)

page last updated on January 18, 2011

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@Burkina Faso (Africa)

Introduction ::Burkina Faso

Background:

Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Current President Blaise COMPAORE came to power in a 1987 military coup and has won every election since then. Burkina Faso's high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens. Recent unrest in Cote d'Ivoire and northern Ghana has hindered the ability of several hundred thousand seasonal Burkinabe farm workers to find employment in neighboring countries.

Geography ::Burkina Faso

Location:

Western Africa, north of Ghana

Geographic coordinates: