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Government ::Afghanistan

Country name:

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

conventional short form: Afghanistan

local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan

local short form: Afghanestan

former: Republic of Afghanistan

Government type:

Islamic republic

Capital:

name: Kabul

geographic coordinates: 34 31 N, 69 11 E

time difference: UTC+4.5 (9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

34 provinces (welayat, singular - welayat); Badakhshan, Badghis,

Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor,

Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar,

Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika,

Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan,

Wardak, Zabul

Independence:

19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 19 August (1919)

Constitution:

constitution drafted 14 December 2003–4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004; ratified 26 January 2004

Legal system:

based on mixed civil and sharia law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); First Vice President Mohammad FAHIM Khan (since 19 November 2009); Second Vice President Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); First Vice President Mohammad

FAHIM Khan (since 19 November 2009); Second Vice President Abdul

Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004)

cabinet: 25 ministers; note - ministers are appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: the president and two vice presidents elected by direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if no candidate receives 50% or more of the vote in the first round of voting, the two candidates with the most votes will participate in a second round; election last held on 20 August 2009 (next to be held in 2014)

election results: Hamid KARZAI reelected president; percent of vote (first round) - Hamid KARZAI 49.67%, Abdullah ABDULLAH 30.59%, Ramazan BASHARDOST 10.46%, Ashraf GHANI 2.94%; other 6.34%; note - ABDULLAH conceded the election to KARZAI following the first round vote

Legislative branch:

the bicameral National Assembly consists of the Meshrano Jirga or House of Elders (102 seats, one-third of members elected from provincial councils for four-year terms, one-third elected from local district councils for three-year terms, and one-third nominated by the president for five-year terms) and the Wolesi Jirga or House of People (no more than 250 seats); members directly elected for five-year terms

note: on rare occasions the government may convene a Loya Jirga (Grand Council) on issues of independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity; it can amend the provisions of the constitution and prosecute the president; it is made up of members of the National Assembly and chairpersons of the provincial and district councils

elections: last held on 18 September 2010 (next election expected in 2015)

election results: NA

Judicial branch:

the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a minister of justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses and war crimes

Political parties and leaders:

Afghanistan Peoples' Treaty Party [Sayyed Amir TAHSEEN];

Afghanistan's Islamic Mission Organization [Abdul Rasoul SAYYAF];

Afghanistan's Islamic Nation Party [Toran Noor Aqa Ahmad ZAI];

Afghanistan's National Islamic Party [Rohullah LOUDIN];

Afghanistan's Welfare Party [Meer Asef ZAEEFI]; Afghan Social

Democratic Party [Anwarul Haq AHADI]; Afghan Society for the Call to

the Koran and Sunna [Mawlawee Samiullah NAJEEBEE]; Comprehensive

Movement of Democracy and Development of Afghanistan Party [Sher

Mohammad BAZGAR]; Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Al-hajj Mohammad

Tawos ARAB]; Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Kabir RANJBAR];

Elites People of Afghanistan Party [Abdul Hamid JAWAD]; Freedom and

Democracy Movement of Afghanistan [Abdul Raqib Jawid KOHISTANEE];

Freedom Party of Afghanistan [Abdul MALEK]; Freedom Party of

Afghanistan [Dr. Ghulam Farooq NEJRABEE]; Hizullah-e-Afghanistan

[Qari Ahmad ALI]; Human Rights Protection and Development Party of

Afghanistan [Baryalai NASRATI]; Islamic Justice Party of Afghanistan

[Mohammad Kabir MARZBAN]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [Mohammad

Ali JAWID]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Mukhtar

MUFLEH]; Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Khalid FAROOQI,

Abdul Hadi ARGHANDIWAL]; Islamic Party of the Afghan Land [Mohammad

Hassan FEROZKHEL]; Islamic People's Movement of Afghanistan [Al-haj

Said Hussain ANWARY]; Islamic Society of Afghanistan [Ustad

RABBANI]; Islamic Unity of the Nation of Afghanistan Party [Qurban

Ali URFANI]; Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Karim

KHALILI]; Islamic Unity Party of the People of Afghanistan [Haji

Mohammad MOHAQQEQ]; Labor and Progress of Afghanistan Party

[Zulfiqar OMID]; Muslim People of Afghanistan Party [Besmellah

JOYAN]; Muslim Unity Movement Party of Afghanistan [Wazir Mohammad

WAHDAT]; National and Islamic Sovereignty Movement Party of

Afghanistan [Ahmad Shah AHMADZAI]; National Congress Party of

Afghanistan [Abdul Latif PEDRAM]; National Country Party [Ghulam

MOHAMMAD]; National Development Party of Afghanistan [Dr. Assef

BAKTASH]; National Freedom Seekers Party [Abdul Hadi DABEER];

National Independence Party of Afghanistan [Taj Mohammad WARDAK];

National Islamic Fighters Party of Afghanistan [Amanat NINGARHAREE];

National Islamic Front of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed Ahmad GAILANEE];

National Islamic Moderation Party of Afghanistan [Qara Baik

IZADYAR]; National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [Sayed NOORULLAH]

National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad AKBAREE];

National Movement of Afghanistan [Ahmad Wali MASOOUD]; National

Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Rashid ARYAN]; National Patch of

Afghanistan Party [Sayed Kamal SADAT]; National Peace Islamic Party

of Afghanistan [Shah Mohammood Popal ZAI]; National Peace & Islamic

Party of the Tribes of Afghanistan [Abdul Qaher SHARIATEE]; National

Peace & Unity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Qader IMAMI]; National

Prosperity and Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Osman

SALEKZADA]; National Prosperity Party [Mohammad Hassan JAHFAREE];

National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed Eshaq

GAILANEE]; National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Sayed Mansoor

NADREEI]; National Sovereignty Party [Sayed Mustafa KAZEMI];

National Stability Party [Mohammad Same KHAROTI]; National Stance

Party [Habibullah JANEBDAR]; National Tribal Unity Islamic Party of

Afghanistan [Mohammad Shah KHOGYANI]; National Unity Movement

[Sultan Mohammad GHAZI]; National Unity Movement of Afghanistan

[Mohammad Nadir AATASH]; National Unity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul

Rashid JALILI]; New Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Yunis QANUNI]; Peace

and National Welfare Activists Society [Shamsul al-Haq Noor SHAMS];

Peace Movement [Shahnawaz TANAI]; People's Aspirations Party of

Afghanistan [Ilhaj Saraj-u-din ZAFAREE]; People's Freedom Seekers

Party of Afghanistan [Feda Mohammad EHSAS]; People's Liberal Freedom

Seekers Party of Afghanistan [Ajmal SUHAIL]; People's Message Party

of Afghanistan [Noor Aqa WAINEE]; People's Movement of the National

Unity of Afghanistan [Abdul Hakim NOORZAI]; People's Party of

Afghanistan [Ahmad Shah ASAR]; People's Prosperity Party of

Afghanistan [Ustad Mohammad ZAREEF]; People's Sovereignty Movement

of Afghanistan [Hayatullah SUBHANEE]; People's Uprising Party of

Afghanistan [Sayed Zahir Qayedam Al-BELADI]; People's Welfare Party

of Afghanistan [Miagul WASIQ]; People's Welfare Party of Afghanistan

[Mohammad Zubair PAIROZ]; Progressive Democratic Party of

Afghanistan [Mohammad Wali ARYA]; Republican Party [Sebghatullah

SANJAR]; Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Khaleq NEMAT]; The

Afghanistan's Mujahid Nation's Islamic Unity Movement [Saeedullah

SAEED]; The People of Afghanistan's Democratic Movement [Mohammad

Sharif NAZARI]; Tribes Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad

Zarif NASERI]; Understanding and Democracy Party of Afghanistan

[Ahamad SHAHEEN]