Читать книгу The 2005 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 62

Оглавление

Geography Guernsey

Location:

Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France

Geographic coordinates:

49 28 N, 2 35 W

Map references:

Europe

Area:

total: 78 sq km

land: 78 sq km

water: 0 sq km

note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other

smaller islands

Area - comparative:

about one-half the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

50 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 3 nm

exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm

Climate:

temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are

overcast

Terrain:

mostly level with low hills in southwest

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point: unnamed location on Sark 114 m

Natural resources:

cropland

Land use:

arable land: NA%

permanent crops: NA%

other: NA%

Irrigated land:

NA sq km

Natural hazards:

Environment - current issues:

Geography - note:

large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port

People Guernsey

Population:

65,228 (July 2005 est.)

Age structure:

0–14 years: 15.4% (male 5,084/female 4,937)

15–64 years: 66.9% (male 21,611/female 22,002)

65 years and over: 17.8% (male 4,882/female 6,712) (2005 est.)

Median age:

total: 40.99 years

male: 40.03 years

female: 41.91 years (2005 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.29% (2005 est.)

Birth rate:

9.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate:

9.95 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Net migration rate:

3.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female

total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 4.71 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 4.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 80.3 years

male: 77.3 years

female: 83.41 years (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

NA%

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

Nationality:

noun: Channel Islander(s)

adjective: Channel Islander

Ethnic groups:

UK and Norman-French descent with small percentages from other

European countries

Religions:

Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational,

Methodist

Languages:

English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts

Literacy:

definition: NA

total population: NA%

male: NA%

female: NA%

Government Guernsey

Country name:

conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey

conventional short form: Guernsey

Dependency status:

British crown dependency

Government type:

Capital:

Saint Peter Port

Administrative divisions:

none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order

administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there

are 10 parishes including Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson, Vale,

Castel, Saint Saviour, Saint Pierre du Bois, Torteval, Forest, Saint

Martin, Saint Andrew

Independence:

none (British crown dependency)

National holiday:

Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)

Constitution:

unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Legal system:

English law and local statutes; justice is administered by the

Royal Court

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),

represented by Lieutenant Governor and Commander-in-Chief Lt. Gen.

Sir John FOLEY (since NA 2000)

head of government: Chief Minister Laurie MORGAN (since 1 May 2004)

cabinet: Policy Council elected by the States of Deliberation

elections: the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor appointed

by the monarch; chief minister is elected by States of Delibertion

election results: Laurie MORGAN elected chief minister, percent of

vote of the States of Deliberation NA%

Legislative branch:

unicameral States of Deliberation (45 seats; members are elected by

popular vote for 4 years); note - Alderney and Sark have their own

parliaments

elections: last held 21 April 2004 (next to be held NA 2008)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents

Judicial branch:

Royal Court

Political parties and leaders:

none; all independents

Political pressure groups and leaders:

none

International organization participation:

UPU

Diplomatic representation in the US:

none (British crown dependency)

Diplomatic representation from the US:

none (British crown dependency)

Flag description:

white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England)

extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of

William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross

Economy Guernsey

Economy - overview:

Financial services - banking, fund management, insurance - account

for about 55% of total income in this tiny, prosperous Channel

Island economy. Tourism, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly

tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Light tax and death

duties make Guernsey a popular tax haven. The evolving economic

integration of the EU nations is changing the environment under

which Guernsey operates.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$2.59 billion (2003 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

3% (2003 est.)

GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $40,000 (2003 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 3% industry: 10% services: 87% (2000)

Labor force:

32,290 (2001)

Unemployment rate:

0.5% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line:

NA%

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

4.9% (2004 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $539.2 million

expenditures: $448.3 million, including capital expenditures of NA

(2002 est.)

Agriculture - products:

tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit;

Guernsey cattle

Industries:

tourism, banking

Industrial production growth rate:

NA%

Electricity - production:

NA kWh

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: NA

hydro: NA

nuclear: NA

other: NA

Electricity - consumption:

NA kWh

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2002)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2002)

Exports:

$NA

Exports - commodities:

tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other

vegetables

Exports - partners:

UK (regarded as internal trade)

Imports:

$NA

Imports - commodities:

coal, gasoline, oil, machinery and equipment

Imports - partners:

UK (regarded as internal trade)

Debt - external:

$NA

Economic aid - recipient:

Currency (code):

British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Guernsey pound

Currency code:

GBP

Exchange rates:

Guernsey pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003),

0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)

note: the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Guernsey

Telephones - main lines in use:

55,000 (2001)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

31,500 (2001)

Telephone system:

general assessment: NA

domestic: NA

international: 1 submarine cable

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios:

Television broadcast stations:

1 (1997)

Televisions:

Internet country code:

.gg

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

Internet users:

Transportation Guernsey

Highways: total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Ports and harbors:

Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson

Airports:

2 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)

Military Guernsey

Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK

Transnational Issues Guernsey

Disputes - international: none

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@Guinea

Introduction Guinea

Background:

Guinea has had only two presidents since gaining its independence

from France in 1958. Lansana CONTE came to power in 1984, when the

military seized the government after the death of the first

president, Sekou TOURE. Guinea did not hold democratic elections

until 1993 when Gen. CONTE (head of the military government) was

elected president of the civilian government. He was reelected in

1998 and again in 2003. Unrest in Sierra Leone and Liberia has

spilled over into Guinea on several occasions over the past decade,

threatening stability and creating humanitarian emergencies.

Geography Guinea

Location:

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between

Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone

Geographic coordinates:

11 00 N, 10 00 W

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total: 245,857 sq km

land: 245,857 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly smaller than Oregon

Land boundaries: total: 3,399 km border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km

Coastline: 320 km

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:

generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to

November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May)

with northeasterly harmattan winds

Terrain:

generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m

Natural resources:

bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish, salt

Land use: arable land: 3.63% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 93.79% (2001)

Irrigated land:

950 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:

hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry

season

Environment - current issues:

deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water;

desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing,

overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices have led to

environmental damage

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law

of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

the Niger and its important tributary the Milo have their sources

in the Guinean highlands

People Guinea

Population:

9,467,866 (July 2005 est.)

Age structure:

0–14 years: 44.4% (male 2,123,207/female 2,079,475)

15–64 years: 52.4% (male 2,478,820/female 2,486,300)

65 years and over: 3.2% (male 131,130/female 168,934) (2005 est.)

Median age:

total: 17.67 years

male: 17.42 years

female: 17.93 years (2005 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.37% (2005 est.)

Birth rate:

42.03 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate:

15.38 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Net migration rate:

−2.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population

note: as a result of conflict in neighboring countries, Guinea is

host to approximately 150,000 Liberian and Sierra Leonean refugees

(2005 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 1 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 90.37 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 95.82 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 84.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 49.36 years

male: 48.19 years

female: 50.57 years (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate:

5.83 children born/woman (2005 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

3.2% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

140,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

9,000 (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: very high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,

hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in

some locations

water contact disease: schistosomiasis

respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis

aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2004)

Nationality:

noun: Guinean(s)

adjective: Guinean

Ethnic groups:

Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%

Religions:

Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%

Languages:

French (official), each ethnic group has its own language

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 35.9%

male: 49.9%

female: 21.9% (1995 est.)

Government Guinea

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Guinea

conventional short form: Guinea

local long form: Republique de Guinee

local short form: Guinee

former: French Guinea

Government type:

republic

Capital:

Conakry

Administrative divisions:

33 prefectures and 1 special zone (zone special)*; Beyla, Boffa,

Boke, Conakry*, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Dubreka, Faranah,

Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia,

Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola,

Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele,

Tougue, Yomou

Independence:

2 October 1958 (from France)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 2 October (1958)

Constitution:

23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Legal system:

based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal

codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ

jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Lansana CONTE (head of military

government since 5 April 1984, elected president 19 December 1993)

head of government: Prime Minister Cellou Dalein DIALLO (since 4

December 2004)

cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;

candidate must receive a majority of the votes cast to be elected

president; election last held 21 December 2003 (next to be held

December 2008); the prime minister is appointed by the president

election results: Lansana CONTE reelected president; percent of vote

- Lansana CONTE (PUP) 95.3%, Mamadou Boye BARRY (UPR) 4.6%

Legislative branch:

unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale

Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to

serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)

election results: percent of vote by party - PUP 61.6%, UPR 26.6%,

other 11.8%; seats by party - PUP 85, UPR 20, other 9

Judicial branch:

Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Political parties and leaders:

Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El

Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or

UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP

[Lansana CONTE] - the governing party; People's Party of Guinea or

PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha

CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Mamadou BA];

Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress

and Renewal or UPR [Siradiou DIALLO]; Union for Progress of Guinea

or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

International organization participation:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU,

ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,

ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN,

UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU,

WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Rafiou Alpha Oumar BARRY chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 986–4300 FAX: [1] (202) 478–3010

Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Jackson MCDONALD embassy: Rue Ka 038, Conakry mailing address: B. P. 603, Conakry telephone: [224] 41 15 20, 41 15 21, 41 15 23 FAX: [224] 41 15 22

Flag description:

three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green;

uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Economy Guinea

Economy - overview:

Guinea possesses major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural

resources, yet remains an underdeveloped nation. The country

possesses over 30% of the world's bauxite reserves and is the

second-largest bauxite producer. The mining sector accounted for

about 75% of exports in 1999. Long-run improvements in government

fiscal arrangements, literacy, and the legal framework are needed if

the country is to move out of poverty. Fighting along the Sierra

Leonean and Liberian borders, as well as refugee movements, have

caused major economic disruptions, aggravating a loss in investor

confidence. Foreign mining companies have reduced expatriate staff.

Panic buying has created food shortages and inflation and caused

riots in local markets. Guinea is not receiving multilateral aid.

The IMF and World Bank cut off most assistance in 2003. Growth rose

slightly in 2004, primarily due to increases in global demand and

commodity prices on world markets.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$19.5 billion (2004 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

1% (2004 est.)

GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $2,100 (2004 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 25% industry: 38.2% services: 36.8% (2004 est.)

Labor force:

3 million (1999)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA (2002 est.)

Population below poverty line:

40% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 32% (1994)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

40.3 (1994)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

18% (2004 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

21% of GDP (2004 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $382.7 million

expenditures: $711.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA

(2004 est.)

Agriculture - products:

rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava (tapioca), bananas,

sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber

Industries:

bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and

agricultural processing industries

Industrial production growth rate:

3.2% (1994)

Electricity - production:

855 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 45.5% hydro: 54.5% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

795.2 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2002)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2002)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - consumption:

8,600 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports:

Oil - imports:

Current account balance:

$-308.3 million (2004 est.)

Exports:

$709.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Exports - commodities:

bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural

products

Exports - partners:

France 17.7%, Belgium 14.7%, UK 14.7%, Switzerland 12.8%, Ukraine

4.2% (2004)

Imports:

$641.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Imports - commodities:

petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment,

textiles, grain and other foodstuffs

Imports - partners:

Cote d'Ivoire 15.5%, France 9%, Belgium 6.1%, China 6%, South

Africa 4.8% (2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$201.7 million (2004 est.)

Debt - external:

$3.25 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:

$359.2 million (1998)

Currency (code):

Guinean franc (GNF)

Currency code:

GNF

Exchange rates:

Guinean francs per US dollar - 2,550 (2004), 1,984.9 (2003),

1,975.8 (2002), 1,950.6 (2001), 1,746.9 (2000)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Guinea

Telephones - main lines in use:

26,200 (2003)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

111,500 (2003)

Telephone system:

general assessment: poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small

radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay

system

domestic: microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communication

international: country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1

Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 4 (one station is inactive), FM 1 (plus 7 repeaters), shortwave

3 (2001)

Radios:

357,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

6 low-power stations (2001)

Televisions:

85,000 (1997)

Internet country code:

.gn

Internet hosts:

380 (2004)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

4 (2001)

Internet users:

40,000 (2003)

Transportation Guinea

Railways:

total: 837 km

standard gauge: 175 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 662 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)

Highways:

total: 30,500 km

paved: 5,033 km

unpaved: 25,467 km (1999 est.)

Waterways:

1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2003)

Ports and harbors:

Kamsar

Airports:

16 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 5

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 11

1,524 to 2,437 m: 6

914 to 1,523 m: 3

under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)

Military Guinea

Military branches:

Army (includes Presidential Guard, Republican Guard), Navy, Air

Force, National Gendarmerie, General Directorate of National Police

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service

obligation - 2 years (2004)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 18–49: 1,853,316 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 18–49: 1,038,036 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:

$56.7 million (2004)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

1.7% (2004)

Transnational Issues Guinea

Disputes - international:

conflicts among rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in

neighboring states has spilled over into Guinea, resulting in

domestic instability; Sierra Leone pressures Guinea to remove its

forces from the town of Yenga occupied since 1998

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 133,175 (Liberia) 13,633 (Sierra

Leone) 7,064 (Cote d'Ivoire)

IDPs: 100,000 (cross-border incursions from Liberia, Sierra Leone,

Cote d'Ivoire) (2004)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@Guinea-Bissau

Introduction Guinea-Bissau

Background:

Since independence from Portugal in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has

experienced considerable upheaval. The founding government consisted

of a single party system and command economy. In 1980, a military

coup established Joao VIEIRA as president and a path to a market

economy and multiparty system was implemented. A number of coup

attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him and

in 1994 he was elected president in the country's first free

elections. A military coup attempt and civil war in 1998 eventually

led to VIEIRA's ouster in 1999. In February 2000, an interim

government turned over power when opposition leader Kumba YALA took

office following two rounds of transparent presidential elections.

YALA was ousted in a bloodless coup in September 2003, and Henrique

ROSA was sworn in as President. Guinea-Bissau's transition back to

democracy will be complicated by its crippled economy, devastated in

the civil war.

Geography Guinea-Bissau

Location:

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea

and Senegal

Geographic coordinates:

12 00 N, 15 00 W

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total: 36,120 sq km

land: 28,000 sq km

water: 8,120 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut

Land boundaries: total: 724 km border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km

Coastline: 350 km

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:

tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season

(June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to

May) with northeasterly harmattan winds

Terrain:

mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point: unnamed location in the northeast corner of the

country 300 m

Natural resources:

fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone,

unexploited deposits of petroleum

Land use: arable land: 10.67% permanent crops: 8.82% other: 80.51% (2001)

Irrigated land:

170 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:

hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry

season; brush fires

Environment - current issues:

deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

this small country is swampy along its western coast and low-lying

further inland

People Guinea-Bissau

Population:

1,416,027 (July 2005 est.)

Age structure:

0–14 years: 41.5% (male 293,280/female 294,483)

15–64 years: 55.5% (male 376,719/female 409,402)

65 years and over: 3% (male 17,865/female 24,278) (2005 est.)

Median age:

total: 18.97 years

male: 18.37 years

female: 19.57 years (2005 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.96% (2005 est.)

Birth rate:

37.65 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate:

16.53 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Net migration rate:

−1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female

total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 107.17 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 117.78 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 96.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 46.61 years

male: 44.77 years

female: 48.52 years (2005 est.)

Total fertility rate:

4.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

10% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

17,000 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

1,200 (2001 est.)

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: very high

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,

hepatitis A, and typhoid fever

vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in

some locations

water contact disease: schistosomiasis

respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2004)

Nationality:

noun: Guinean(s)

adjective: Guinean

Ethnic groups:

African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%,

Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%

Religions:

indigenous beliefs 50%, Muslim 45%, Christian 5%

Languages:

Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 42.4%

male: 58.1%

female: 27.4% (2003 est.)

Government Guinea-Bissau

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau

conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau

local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau

local short form: Guine-Bissau

former: Portuguese Guinea

Government type:

republic, multiparty since mid-1991

Capital:

Bissau

Administrative divisions:

9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau,

Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali; note - Bolama may have

been renamed Bolama/Bijagos

Independence:

24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10

September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 24 September (1973)

Constitution:

16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993,

9 June 1993, and 1996

Legal system:

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Henrique ROSA (interim; since 28

September 2003); note - a September 2003 coup overthrew the elected

government of Kumba YALA; General Verissimo Correia SEABRA served as

interim president from 14 to 28 September 2003

head of government: Prime Minister Carlos GOMES Junior (since 9 May

2004)

cabinet: NA

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term;

election last held 28 November 1999 and 16 January 2000 (next to be

held May 2005); prime minister appointed by the president after

consultation with party leaders in the legislature

election results: Kumba YALA elected president; percent of vote,

second ballot - Kumba YALA (PRS) 72%, Malan Bacai SANHA (PAIGC) 28%

note: a bloodless coup led to the dissolution of the elected

government of Kumba YALA in September 2003; General Verissimo

Correia SEABRA served as interim president from 14 September 2003

until stepping aside on 28 September 2003 with the establishment of

a caretaker government

Legislative branch:

unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia Nacional

Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve a

maximum of four years)

elections: last held 28 March 2004 (next to be held NA 2008)

election results: percent of vote by party - PAIGC 31.5%, PRS 24.8%,

PUSD 16.1%, UE 4.1%, APU 1.3%, 13 other parties 22.2%; seats by

party - PAIGC 45, PRS 35, PUSD 17, UE 2, APU 1

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine

justices appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final

court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one

in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court

decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at over

$1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained

lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal

cases)

Political parties and leaders:

African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde

or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Front for the Liberation and

Independence of Guinea or FLING [Francois MENDY]; Guinea-Bissau

Resistance-Ba Fata Movement or RGB-MB [Helder Vaz LOPES]; Guinean

Civic Forum or FCG [Antonieta Rosa GOMES]; International League for

Ecological Protection or LIPE [Alhaje Bubacar DJALO, president];

National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Abubacer BALDE,

secretary general]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor

MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS [Kumba YALA]; Union for

Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary

general]; United Platform or UP [coalition formed by PCD, FDS,

FLING, and RGB-MB]; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD

[Francisco Jose FADUL]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

International organization participation:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt

(signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,

Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

WToO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Henrique

Adriano DA SILVA

chancery: 1511 K Street NW, Suite 519, Washington, DC 20005

telephone: [1] (202) 347–3950

FAX: [1] (202) 347–3954

Diplomatic representation from the US:

the US Embassy suspended operations on 14 June 1998 in the midst of

violent conflict between forces loyal to then President VIEIRA and

military-led junta; US embassy Dakar is responsible for covering

Guinea-Bissau: telephone - [221] 823–4296; FAX - [221] 822–5903

Flag description:

two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a

vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed

star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors

of Ethiopia

Economy Guinea-Bissau

Economy - overview:

One of the 10 poorest countries in the world, Guinea-Bissau depends

mainly on farming and fishing. Cashew crops have increased

remarkably in recent years, and the country now ranks sixth in

cashew production. Guinea-Bissau exports fish and seafood along with

small amounts of peanuts, palm kernels, and timber. Rice is the

major crop and staple food. However, intermittent fighting between

Senegalese-backed government troops and a military junta destroyed

much of the country's infrastructure and caused widespread damage to

the economy in 1998; the civil war led to a 28% drop in GDP that

year, with partial recovery in 1999–2002. Before the war, trade

reform and price liberalization were the most successful part of the

country's structural adjustment program under IMF sponsorship. The

tightening of monetary policy and the development of the private

sector had also begun to reinvigorate the economy. Because of high

costs, the development of petroleum, phosphate, and other mineral

resources is not a near-term prospect. However, unexploited offshore

oil reserves could provide much-needed revenue in the long run. The

inequality of income distribution is one of the most extreme in the

world. The government and international donors continue to work out

plans to forward economic development from a lamentably low base. In

December 2003, the World Bank, IMF, and UNDP were forced to step in

to provide emergency budgetary support in the amount of $107 million

for 2004, representing over 80% of the total national budget.

Government drift and indecision, however, have resulted in continued

low growth in 2004.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$1.008 billion (2004 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

2.6% (2004 est.)

GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $700 (2004 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 62% industry: 12% services: 26% (1999 est.)

Labor force:

480,000 (1999)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture 82% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA (1998)

Population below poverty line:

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 0.5% highest 10%: 42.4% (1991)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (2002 est.)

Budget:

revenues: NA

expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA

Agriculture - products:

rice, corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), cashew nuts, peanuts, palm

kernels, cotton; timber; fish

Industries:

agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks

Industrial production growth rate:

2.6% (1997 est.)

Electricity - production:

55 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

51.15 million kWh (2002)

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2002)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2002)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - consumption:

2,500 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports:

Oil - imports:

Exports:

$54 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Exports - commodities:

cashew nuts, shrimp, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber

Exports - partners:

India 52.1%, US 22.2%, Nigeria 13.2% (2004)

Imports:

$104 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Imports - commodities:

foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products

Imports - partners:

Senegal 44.6%, Portugal 13.8%, China 4.2% (2004)

Debt - external:

$941.5 million (2000 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:

$115.4 million (1995)

Currency (code):

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible

authority is the Central Bank of the West African States; previously

the Guinea-Bissau peso (GWP) was used

Currency code:

XOF; GWP

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 528.29

(2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000)

note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc is pegged to the euro at a

rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Guinea-Bissau

Telephones - main lines in use:

10,600 (2003)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

1,300 (2003)

Telephone system:

general assessment: small system

domestic: combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines,

radiotelephone, and cellular communications

international: country code - 245

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 1 (transmitter out of service), FM 4, shortwave 0 (2002)

Radios:

49,000 (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

NA (1997)

Televisions:

Internet country code:

.gw

Internet hosts:

2 (2004)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

2 (2002)

Internet users:

19,000 (2003)

Transportation Guinea-Bissau

Highways: total: 4,400 km paved: 453 km unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)

Waterways:

4 largest rivers are navigable for some distance; many inlets and

creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior (2004)

Ports and harbors:

Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim

Airports:

28 (2004 est.)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 3

over 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 25

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 4

under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)

Military Guinea-Bissau

Military branches:

People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; includes Army, Navy, and

Air Force), paramilitary force

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for compulsory military service (2001)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 18–49: 288,770 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 18–49: 152,760 (2005 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:

$8.9 million (2004)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

3.1% (2004)

Transnational Issues Guinea-Bissau

Disputes - international:

attempts to stem refugees and cross-border raids, arms smuggling,

and political instability from a separatist movement in Senegal's

Casamance region

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@Guyana

Introduction Guyana

Background:

Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had

become a British possession. The abolition of slavery led to black

settlement of urban areas and the importation of indentured servants

from India to work the sugar plantations. This ethnocultural divide

has persisted and has led to turbulent politics. Guyana achieved

independence from the UK in 1966, but until the early 1990s it was

ruled mostly by socialist-oriented governments. In 1992, Cheddi

JAGAN was elected president, in what is considered the country's

first free and fair election since independence. Upon his death five

years later, he was succeeded by his wife Janet, who resigned in

1999 due to poor health. Her successor, Bharrat JAGDEO, was

reelected in 2001.

Geography Guyana

Location:

Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between

Suriname and Venezuela

Geographic coordinates:

5 00 N, 59 00 W

Map references:

South America

Area:

total: 214,970 sq km

land: 196,850 sq km

water: 18,120 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly smaller than Idaho

Land boundaries: total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km

Coastline:

459 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental

margin

Climate:

tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy

seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)

Terrain:

mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point: Mount Roraima 2,835 m

Natural resources:

bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish

Land use: arable land: 2.44% permanent crops: 0.15% other: 97.41% (2001)

Irrigated land:

1,500 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:

flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons

Environment - current issues:

water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial

chemicals; deforestation

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law

of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber

83, Tropical Timber 94

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

the third-smallest country in South America after Suriname and

Uruguay; substantial portions of its western and eastern territories

are claimed by Venezuela and Suriname respectively

People Guyana

Population:

765,283

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2005 est.)

Age structure:

0–14 years: 26.4% (male 103,054/female 99,279)

15–64 years: 68.5% (male 263,953/female 260,000)

65 years and over: 5.1% (male 16,801/female 22,196) (2005 est.)

Median age:

total: 26.91 years

male: 26.44 years

female: 27.4 years (2005 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.26% (2005 est.)

Birth rate:

18.45 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Death rate:

8.32 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Net migration rate:

−7.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female

total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2005 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 33.26 deaths/1,000 live births

male: 36.94 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 29.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 65.5 years

male: 62.86 years

female: 68.28 years (2005 est.)

Подняться наверх