Читать книгу The 2008 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 225

Map references:

Africa

Area:

total: 274,200 sq km land: 273,800 sq km water: 400 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly larger than Colorado

Land boundaries:

total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none (landlocked)

Climate:

tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers

Terrain:

mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Mouhoun (Black Volta) River 200 m highest point: Tena Kourou 749 m

Natural resources:

manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, phosphates, pumice, salt

Land use:

arable land: 17.66% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 82.12% (2005)

Irrigated land:

250 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources:

17.5 cu km (2001)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 0.8 cu km/yr (13%/1%/86%) per capita: 60 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards:

recurring droughts

Environment - current issues:

recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

landlocked savanna cut by the three principal rivers of the Black, Red, and White Voltas

People

Burkina Faso

Population:

15,264,735 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0–14 years: 46.3% (male 3,549,034/female 3,521,684) 15–64 years: 51.1% (male 3,885,124/female 3,922,198) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 154,476/female 232,219) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 16.7 years male: 16.5 years female: 16.9 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

3.109% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

44.68 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

13.59 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

NA (2008 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 86.02 deaths/1,000 live births male: 93.68 deaths/1,000 live births female: 78.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 52.55 years male: 50.67 years female: 54.49 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate:

6.34 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

4.2% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

300,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

29,000 (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

Nationality:

noun: Burkinabe (singular and plural) adjective: Burkinabe

Ethnic groups:

Mossi over 40%, other approximately 60% (includes Gurunsi, Senufo,

Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani)

Religions:

Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian (mainly Roman

Catholic) 10%

Languages:

French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 21.8% male: 29.4% female: 15.2% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

total: 5 years male: 5 years female: 4 years (2006)

Education expenditures:

4.2% of GDP (2006)

Government

Burkina Faso

Country name:

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Burkina Faso local long form: none local short form: Burkina Faso former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

Government type:

parliamentary republic

Capital:

name: Ouagadougou geographic coordinates: 12 22 N, 1 31 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

45 provinces; Bale, Bam, Banwa, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou,

Boulkiemde, Comoe, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Ioba, Kadiogo,

Kenedougou, Komondjari, Kompienga, Kossi, Koulpelogo, Kouritenga,

Kourweogo, Leraba, Loroum, Mouhoun, Nahouri, Namentenga, Nayala,

Noumbiel, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga,

Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Tuy, Yagha, Yatenga, Ziro,

Zondoma, Zoundweogo

Independence:

5 August 1960 (from France)

National holiday:

Republic Day, 11 December (1958)

Constitution:

2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; last amended January 2002

Legal system:

based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987) head of government: Prime Minister Tertius ZONGO (since 4 June 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 13 November 2005 (next to be held in 2010); in April 2000, the constitution was amended reducing the presidential term from seven to five years, enforceable as of 2005; prime minister appointed by the president with the consent of the legislature election results: Blaise COMPAORE reelected president; percent of popular vote - Blaise COMPAORE 80.3%, Benewende Stanislas SANKARA 4.9%

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (111 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly election last held 6 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CDP 73, ADF-RDA 14, UPR 5, UNIR-MS 4, CFD-B 3, UPS 2, PDP-PS 2, RDB 2, PDS 2, PAREN 1, PAI 1, RPC 1, UDPS 1

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Political parties and leaders:

African Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy and Federation or

ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Citizen's Popular Rally or RPC [Antoine

QUARE]; Coalition of Democratic Forces of Burkina or CFD-B [Amadou

Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progress or CDP [Roch

Marc-Christian KABORE]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP

[Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI

[Philippe OUEDRAOGO]; Party for Democracy and Progress/Socialist

Party or PDP/PS [Ali LANKOANDE]; Party for Democracy and Socialism

or PDS [Felix SOUBEIGA]; Party for National Rebirth or PAREN [Oumar

DJIGUIMDE]; Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [Antoine

KARGOUGOU]; Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [Ram

OUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration and Solidarity or PARIS

[Cyril GOUNGOUNGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS

[Fidele HIEN]; Union for Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS

[Benewende STANISLAS]; Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel

COULIBALY]; Union of Sankarist Parties or UPS [Ernest Nongma

OUEDRAOGO]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB [Tole SAGNON]; Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP [Chrysigone ZOUGMORE]; Group of 14 February [Benewende STANISLAS]; National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB [Laurent OUEDRAOGO]; National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL [Paul KABORE] other: watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities

International organization participation:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,

ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,

Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA,

MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council

(temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIS, UNOCI,

UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Paramanga Ernest YONLI chancery: 2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332–5577 FAX: [1] (202) 667–1882

Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Jeanine E. JACKSON embassy: 602 Avenue Raoul Follereau, Koulouba, Secteur 4 mailing address: 01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou 01; pouch mail - US Department of State, 2440 Ouagadougou Place, Washington, DC 20521–2440 telephone: [226] 50–30-67–23 FAX: [226] 50–30-38–90

Flag description:

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Economy

Burkina Faso

Economy - overview:

One of the poorest countries in the world, landlocked Burkina Faso has few natural resources and a weak industrial base. About 90% of the population is engaged in subsistence agriculture, which is vulnerable to periodic drought. Cotton is the main cash crop and the government has joined with three other cotton producing countries in the region - Mali, Niger, and Chad - to lobby in the World Trade Organization for fewer subsidies to producers in other competing countries. Since 1998, Burkina Faso has embarked upon a gradual but successful privatization of state-owned enterprises. Having revised its investment code in 2004, Burkina Faso hopes to attract foreign investors. Thanks to this new code and other legislation favoring the mining sector, the country has seen an upswing in gold exploration and production. While the bitter internal crisis in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire is beginning to be resolved, it is still having a negative effect on Burkina Faso's trade and employment. In 2007 higher costs for energy and imported foodstuffs, as well as low cotton prices, dampened a GDP growth rate that had averaged 6% in the last 10 years. Burkina Faso received a Millennium Challenge Account threshold grant to improve girls' education at the primary school level, and appears likely to receive a grant in the areas of infrastructure, agriculture, and land reform.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$17.41 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$6.977 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

4.2% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$1,200 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 29.7% industry: 19.4% services: 50.9% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

5 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 90% industry and services: 10% (2000 est.)

Unemployment rate:

77% (2004)

Population below poverty line:

46.4% (2004)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 32.2% (2004)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

39.5 (2007)

Investment (gross fixed):

21.1% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $1.415 billion expenditures: $1.847 billion (2007 est.)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

−0.2% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

4.25% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate: