Читать книгу The 2008 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 477

Exchange rates:

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Communications

France

Telephones - main lines in use:

35.533 million; 34.8 million (metropolitan France) (2007)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

56.719 million; 55.358 million (metropolitan France) (2007)

Telephone system:

general assessment: highly developed domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive introduction of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system international: country code - 33; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Europe, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, and US; satellite earth stations - more than 3 (2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat - Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries overseas departments: country codes: French Guiana - 594; Guadeloupe - 590; Martinique - 596; Reunion - 262

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 41, FM about 3,500 (this figure is an approximation and includes many repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios:

55.3 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

584 (plus 9,676 repeaters) (1995)

Televisions:

34.8 million (1997)

Internet country code:

metropolitan France - .fr; French Guiana - .gf; Guadeloupe - .gp; Martinique - .mq; Reunion - .re

Internet hosts:

14.256 million; 14,256,000 (metropolitan France) (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

62 (2000)

Internet users:

31.295 million; 30.838 million (metropolitan France) (2007)

Transportation

France

Airports:

476 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 292 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 97 914 to 1,523 m: 80 under 914 m: 74 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 184 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 72 under 914 m: 108 (2007)

Heliports:

3 (2007)

Pipelines:

gas 14,665 km; oil 3,032 km; refined products 4,947 km (2007)

Railways:

total: 29,370 km standard gauge: 29,203 km 1.435-m gauge (14,778 km electrified) narrow gauge: 167 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 951,500 km paved: 951,500 km (metropolitan France; includes 10,950 km of expressways) note: there are another 5,100 km of roadways in overseas departments (2006)

Waterways:

metropolitan France: 8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons) French Guiana: 3,760 km (460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft) (2006)

Merchant marine:

total: 138 by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 1, chemical tanker 32, container 25, liquefied gas 12, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 33, petroleum tanker 23, roll on/roll off 7 foreign-owned: 38 (Belgium 6, China 5, Denmark 2, Germany 1, Italy 2, Japan 1, NZ 1, Norway 5, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 2, Sweden 9, Switzerland 1, Switzerland 2) registered in other countries: 127 (Antigua and Barbuda 1, Australia 1, Bahamas 30, Belgium 2, Bermuda 1, Hong Kong 1, Indonesia 1, Isle of Man 1, Italy 2, Liberia 5, Luxembourg 17, Malta 5, Morocco 14, Netherlands 1, Norway 3, Panama 5, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6, Singapore 1, Taiwan 1, UK 23, Wallis and Futuna 6) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Bordeaux, Calais, Dunkerque, Le Havre, Marseille, Nantes, Paris,

Rouen, Strasbourg

Military

France

Military branches:

Army (Armee de Terre; includes Marines, Foreign Legion, Army Light

Aviation), Navy (Marine Nationale, includes Naval Air), Air Force

(Armee de l'Air, includes Air Defense), National Gendarmerie (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

17–40 years of age for male or female voluntary military service); no conscription; 12-month service obligation; women serve in noncombat military posts (2005)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 14,646,427 females age 16–49: 14,379,630 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 12,110,718 females age 16–49: 11,849,988 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 401,379 female: 382,409 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

2.6% of GDP (2005 est.)

Transnational Issues

France

Disputes - international:

Madagascar claims the French territories of Bassas da India, Europa

Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island; Comoros claims

Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; territorial dispute

between Suriname and the French overseas department of French

Guiana; France asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica (Adelie

Land); France and Vanuatu claim Matthew and Hunter Islands, east of

New Caledonia

Illicit drugs:

metropolitan France: transshipment point for South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics French Guiana: small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe Martinique: transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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@French Polynesia

Introduction

French Polynesia

Background:

The French annexed various Polynesian island groups during the 19th century. In September 1995, France stirred up widespread protests by resuming nuclear testing on the Mururoa atoll after a three-year moratorium. The tests were suspended in January 1996. In recent years, French Polynesia's autonomy has been considerably expanded.

Geography

French Polynesia

Location:

Oceania, archipelagoes in the South Pacific Ocean about half way between South America and Australia

Geographic coordinates: