Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 256

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red

note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

Economy ::Bulgaria

Economy - overview:

Bulgaria, a former Communist country that entered the EU on 1 January 2007, has experienced strong growth since a major economic downturn in 1996. Successive governments have demonstrated a commitment to economic reforms and responsible fiscal planning, but have failed so far to rein in rising inflation and large current account deficits. Bulgaria has averaged more than 6% growth since 2004, attracting significant amounts of foreign direct investment, but corruption in the public administration, a weak judiciary, and the presence of organized crime remain significant challenges.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$93.98 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 $88.66 billion (2007 est.)

$83.48 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$49.9 billion (2008)

GDP - real growth rate:

6% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 6.2% (2007 est.)

6.3% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$12,900 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 86 $12,100 (2007 est.)

$11,300 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 7.3%

industry: 30.5%

services: 62.2% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

2.67 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 107

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 7.5%

industry: 35.5%

services: 57% (2007 est.)

Unemployment rate:

6.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 79 7.7% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line:

14.1% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 3%

highest 10%: 25.5% (2007)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

30.7 (2007) country comparison to the world: 109 26.4 (2001)

Investment (gross fixed):

33.4% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Budget:

revenues: $22.24 billion

expenditures: $20.74 billion (2008 est.)

Public debt:

14.1% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 41.9% of GDP (2004 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

12.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 171 9.8% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

5.77% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 111 4.58% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

10.86% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 85 10% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$14.29 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 40 $15.58 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$19.67 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 42 $17.03 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$32.04 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 52 $25.18 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$8.858 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 68 $21.79 billion (31 December 2007)

$10.32 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock

Industries:

electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Industrial production growth rate:

1.5% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Electricity - production:

40.25 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

Electricity - consumption:

31.08 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Electricity - exports:

8.441 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

3.097 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

3,357 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Oil - consumption:

124,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Oil - exports:

76,570 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Oil - imports:

189,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

Oil - proved reserves:

15 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 83

Natural gas - production:

300 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 72

Natural gas - consumption:

3.4 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 198

Natural gas - imports:

3.1 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 41

Natural gas - proved reserves:

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Current account balance:

-$12.65 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 170 -$8.716 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$22.71 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 $18.58 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels

Exports - partners:

Greece 9.9%, Germany 9.2%, Turkey 8.9%, Italy 8.5%, Romania 7.2%,

Belgium 5.9%, France 4.1% (2008)

Imports:

$35.64 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 $28.65 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials

Imports - partners:

Russia 14.6%, Germany 11.8%, Italy 7.9%, Ukraine 7.3%, Romania 5.6%,

Turkey 5.5%, Greece 5.4%, Austria 4.1% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$17.93 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 55 $17.54 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$51.46 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 53 $42.62 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$42.91 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 52 $33.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$1.292 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 $559 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Exchange rates:

leva (BGN) per US dollar - 1.3171 (2008 est.), 1.4366 (2007), 1.5576 (2006), 1.5741 (2005), 1.5751 (2004)

Communications ::Bulgaria

Telephones - main lines in use:

2.258 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 55

Telephones - mobile cellular:

10.633 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 59

Telephone system:

general assessment: an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era; quality has improved; the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 when alternative fixed-line operators were given access to its network; a drop in fixed-line connections in recent years has been more than offset by a sharp increase in mobile-cellular telephone use fostered by multiple service providers; the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population

domestic: a fairly modern digital cable trunk line now connects switching centers in most of the regions; the others are connected by digital microwave radio relay

international: country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 31, FM 63, shortwave 2 (2001)

Television broadcast stations:

39 (plus 1,242 repeaters) (2001)

Internet country code:

.bg

Internet hosts:

706,648 (2009) country comparison to the world: 45

Internet users:

2.647 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 63

Transportation ::Bulgaria

Airports:

212 (2009) country comparison to the world: 29

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 132

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 18

1,524 to 2,437 m: 15

under 914 m: 97 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 80

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 6

under 914 m: 73 (2009)

Heliports:

3 (2009)

Pipelines:

gas 2,926 km; oil 339 km; refined products 156 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 4,294 km country comparison to the world: 38 standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,880 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 40,231 km country comparison to the world: 89 paved: 39,587 km (includes 331 km of expressways)

unpaved: 644 km (2005)

Waterways:

470 km (2008) country comparison to the world: 83

Merchant marine:

total: 74 country comparison to the world: 59 by type: bulk carrier 37, cargo 14, chemical tanker 5, container 6, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1

foreign-owned: 65 (Germany 63, Ireland 1, Russia 1)

registered in other countries: 31 (Comoros 2, Malta 5, Panama 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15, Slovakia 6) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Burgas, Varna

Military ::Bulgaria

Military branches:

Bulgarian Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air

Forces (Bulgarski Voennovazdyshni Sily, BVVS) (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18–27 years of age for voluntary military service; as of May 2006, 67% of the Bulgarian Army comprised of professional soldiers; conscription ended January 2008; Air Forces and Naval Forces became fully professional at the end of 2006 (2008)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,701,979

females age 16–49: 1,691,092 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,351,312

females age 16–49: 1,381,017 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 38,263

female: 36,374 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

2.6% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Transnational Issues ::Bulgaria

Disputes - international:

none

Illicit drugs:

major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions (2008)

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Burkina Faso (Africa)

Introduction ::Burkina Faso

Background:

Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups during the 1970s and 1980s were followed by multiparty elections in the early 1990s. Current President Blaise COMPAORE came to power in a 1987 military coup and has won every election since then. Burkina Faso's high population density and limited natural resources result in poor economic prospects for the majority of its citizens. Recent unrest in Cote d'Ivoire and northern Ghana has hindered the ability of several hundred thousand seasonal Burkinabe farm workers to find employment in neighboring countries. In January 2008, Burkina Faso assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2008–09 term.

Geography ::Burkina Faso

Location:

Western Africa, north of Ghana

Geographic coordinates: