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Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean

Area:

total: 51,100 sq km country comparison to the world: 129 land: 51,060 sq km

water: 40 sq km

note: includes Isla del Coco

Area - comparative:

slightly smaller than West Virginia

Land boundaries:

total: 639 km

border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Coastline:

1,290 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

continental shelf: 200 nm

Climate:

tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands

Terrain:

coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point: Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m

Natural resources:

hydropower

Land use:

arable land: 4.4%

permanent crops: 5.87%

other: 89.73% (2005)

Irrigated land:

1,080 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources:

112.4 cu km (2000)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 2.68 cu km/yr (29%/17%/53%)

per capita: 619 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards:

occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes

Environment - current issues:

deforestation and land use change, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,

Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Geography - note:

four volcanoes, two of them active, rise near the capital of San Jose in the center of the country; one of the volcanoes, Irazu, erupted destructively in 1963–65

People ::Costa Rica

Population:

4,253,877 (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

Age structure:

0–14 years: 26.7% (male 581,916/female 555,216)

15–64 years: 67.1% (male 1,443,606/female 1,411,168)

65 years and over: 6.2% (male 120,969/female 141,002) (2009 est.)

Median age:

total: 27.5 years

male: 27.1 years

female: 28 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:

1.356% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 100

Birth rate:

17.43 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Death rate:

4.34 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 205

Net migration rate:

0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Urbanization:

urban population: 63% of total population (2008)

rate of urbanization: 2.3% annual rate of change (2005–10 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female

total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 8.77 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 160 male: 9.66 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 7.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 77.58 years country comparison to the world: 54 male: 74.96 years

female: 80.34 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate:

2.14 children born/woman (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 120

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

0.4% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

9,700 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

fewer than 200 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

Major infectious diseases:

degree of risk: intermediate

food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea

vectorborne diseases: dengue fever (2009)

Nationality:

noun: Costa Rican(s)

adjective: Costa Rican

Ethnic groups:

white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%

Languages:

Spanish (official), English

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 94.9%

male: 94.7%

female: 95.1% (2000 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

total: 12 years

male: 12 years

female: 12 years (2005)

Education expenditures:

4.9% of GDP (2004) country comparison to the world: 76

Government ::Costa Rica

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica

conventional short form: Costa Rica

local long form: Republica de Costa Rica

local short form: Costa Rica

Government type:

democratic republic

Capital:

name: San Jose

geographic coordinates: 9 56 N, 84 05 W

time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions:

7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose

Independence:

15 September 1821 (from Spain)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

Constitution:

7 November 1949

Legal system:

based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Oscar ARIAS Sanchez (since 8 May 2006); First Vice President (vacant); Second Vice President (vacant); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government: President Oscar ARIAS Sanchez (since 8 May 2006); First Vice President (vacant); Second Vice President (vacant)

cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president

elections: president and vice presidents elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term; election last held 5 February 2006 (next to be held in February 2010)

election results: Oscar ARIAS Sanchez elected president; percent of vote - Oscar ARIAS Sanchez (PLN) 40.9%; Otton SOLIS (PAC) 39.8%, Otto GUEVARA Guth (PML) 8%, Ricardo TOLEDO (PUSC) 3%

Legislative branch:

unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 5 February 2006 (next to be held in February 2010)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLN 25, PAC 17, PML 6, PUSC 5, PASE 1, PFA 1, PRN 1, PUN 1; note - as of 1 January 2009: seats by party - PLN 25, PAC 16, PML 5, PUSC 5, PASE 1, PFA 1, PRN 1, independent 3

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected for renewable eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Political parties and leaders:

Authentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; Citizen Action Party or

PAC [Epsy CAMPBELL Barr]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC

[Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]; Democratic Force Party or PFD [Marco

NUNEZ Gonzalez]; General Union Party or PUGEN [Carlos Alberto

FERNANDEZ Vega]; Homeland First or PP [Juan Jose VARGAS Fallas];

Independent Worker Party or PIO [Jose Alberto CUBERO Carmona];

Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National

Christian Alliance Party or ANC [Juan Carlos CHAVEZ Mora]; National

Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; National

Liberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECO Fernandez];

National Patriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDS Vargas];

National Restoration Party or PRN [Fabio Enrique DELGADO Hernandez];

National Union Party or PUN [Arturo ACOSTA Mora]; Nationalist

Democratic Alliance or ADN [Jose Miguel VILLALOBOS Umana]; Patriotic

Union or UP [Jose Miguel CORRALES Bolanos]; Social Christian Unity

Party or PUSC [Luis FISHMAN Zonzinski]; Union for Change Party or

UPC [Antonio ALVAREZ Desanti]; United Leftist Coalition or IU

[Humberto VARGAS Carbonel]

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate); Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party affiliate); Costa Rican Exporter's Chamber or CADEXCO; Costa Rican Solidarity Movement; Costa Rican Union of Private Sector Enterprises or UCCAEP [Rafael CARRILLO]; Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP; National Association for Economic Development or ANFE; National Association of Educators or ANDE; National Association of Public and Private Employees or ANEP [Albino VARGAS]; Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN affiliate) [Gilbert BROWN]

International organization participation:

BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA,

IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO,

ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (observer), OAS,

OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union

Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Luis DIEGO Escalante

chancery: 2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone: [1] (202) 234–2945 or 2946