Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 484

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors

Economy ::Ethiopia

Economy - overview:

Ethiopia's poverty-stricken economy is based on agriculture, accounting for almost half of GDP, 60% of exports, and 80% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent drought and poor cultivation practices. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy with exports of some $350 million in 2006, but historically low prices have seen many farmers switching to qat to supplement income. The war with Eritrea in 1998–2000 and recurrent drought have buffeted the economy, in particular coffee production. In November 2001, Ethiopia qualified for debt relief from the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative, and in December 2005 the IMF forgave Ethiopia's debt. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system continues to hamper growth in the industrial sector as entrepreneurs are unable to use land as collateral for loans. Drought struck again late in 2002, leading to a 3.3% decline in GDP in 2003. Normal weather patterns helped agricultural and GDP growth recover during 2004–08.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$70.23 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 79 $62.93 billion (2007 est.)

$56.64 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$26.39 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

11.6% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 6 11.1% (2007 est.)

10.9% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$900 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 214 $800 (2007 est.)

$700 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 44.9%

industry: 12.8%

services: 42.3% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

37.9 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 15

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 80.2%

industry: 6.6%

services: 13.2% (2005)

Unemployment rate: