Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 532

Flag description:

white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter

Economy ::Finland

Economy - overview:

Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important; Finland's ratio of exports to GDP has risen from a quarter to 37% over the past 15 years. Finland excels in high-tech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Although Finland has been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets have avoided the worst of global financial crisis, the world slowdown has hit export growth and domestic demand and will serve as a brake on economic growth in 2009 and 2010. The slowdown of construction, other investment, and exports will cause unemployment to rise. During 2009, unemployment will climb to over 8% of the labor force. Long-term challenges include the need to address a rapidly aging population and decreasing productivity that threaten competitiveness, fiscal sustainability, and economic growth.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$194 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 55 $192.4 billion (2007 est.)

$184.8 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$271.9 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

0.8% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 183 4.1% (2007 est.)

4.9% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$37,000 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $36,700 (2007 est.)

$35,300 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 2.8%

industry: 32.4%

services: 64.9% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

2.703 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture and forestry 4.5%, industry 18.3%, construction 7.3%, commerce 16%, finance, insurance, and business services 14.5%, transport and communications 7%, public services 32.4% (2008)

Unemployment rate:

6.4% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 81 6.9% (2007 est.)

Population below poverty line: