Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 575

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Economy ::Georgia

Economy - overview:

Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of close to 10% in 2006 and 12% in 2007, based on strong inflows of foreign investment and robust government spending. However, growth slowed to less than 3% in 2008 and is expected to slow further in 2009. Georgia's main economic activities include the cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese and copper; and output of a small industrial sector producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, aircraft and chemicals. Areas of recent improvement include growth in the construction, banking services, and mining sectors, but reduced availability of external investment and the slowing regional economy are emerging risks. The country imports nearly all its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity, a growing component of its energy supplies. Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by bringing in newly available supplies from Azerbaijan. It also has an increased ability to pay for more expensive gas imports from Russia. The construction on the Baku-T'bilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the Baku-T'bilisi-Erzerum gas pipeline, and the Kars-Akhalkalaki Railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit point for gas, oil and other goods. Georgia has historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, the government has made great progress and has reformed the tax code, improved tax administration, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on corruption since coming to power in 2004. Government revenues have increased nearly four fold since 2003. Due to improvements in customs and tax enforcement, smuggling is a declining problem. The country is pinning its hopes for long-term growth on a determined effort to reduce regulation, taxes, and corruption in order to attract foreign investment, but the economy faces a more difficult investment climate both domestically and internationally.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$21.56 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 119 $21.12 billion (2007 est.)

$18.81 billion (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):

$12.86 billion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

2.1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 156 12.3% (2007 est.)

9.4% (2006 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$4,700 (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 142 $4,500 (2007 est.)

$4,000 (2006 est.)

note: data are in 2008 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 12.5%

industry: 27.9%

services: 59.6% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

2.317 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 55.6%

industry: 8.9%

services: 35.5% (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate:

13.6% (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Population below poverty line:

31% (2006)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 2.4%

highest 10%: 27% (2005)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

40.8 (2005) country comparison to the world: 58 37.1 (1996)

Investment (gross fixed):

22.5% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Budget:

revenues: $4.596 billion

expenditures: $5.345 billion (2008 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

10% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 145 9.3% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

8% (25 December 2008)

NA% (31 December 2007)

note: this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy rate of the Georgian National Bank

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

21.24% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 15 20.41% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$972.4 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 88 $1.154 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$1.606 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 88 $1.379 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$3.754 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 85 $3.374 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$NA (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 99 $1.389 billion (31 December 2007)

$668.3 million (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock

Industries:

steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine

Industrial production growth rate:

−1% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 142

Electricity - production:

8.17 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Electricity - consumption:

6.902 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Electricity - exports:

628 million kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports:

430 million kWh (2007 est.)

Oil - production:

977.4 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Oil - consumption:

14,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

Oil - exports:

1,486 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Oil - imports:

16,590 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 121

Oil - proved reserves:

35 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Natural gas - production:

8 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Natural gas - consumption:

1.73 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

Natural gas - exports: