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In 46 BNE (Before New Era), the Roman calendar was reformed by Gaius Julius Caesar (100 – 44 BNE). This solar calendar was based on the average duration of the year equal to 365.25 days. Since the calendar year can only consist of a whole number of days, it was agreed that the standard year would consist of 365 days, and every fourth (leap year) would be 366 days. The calendar was introduced on January 1, 45 BNE – on a new moon. In the days of Octavian Augustus (63 BNE – 12 NE), the Julian calendar underwent slight modifications and since then was used in a fixed form in many countries, until it was replaced by the Gregorian calendar.

The duration of the months in the Julian calendar is as follows: 1. January – 31 days, 2. February – 28 days (leap year – 29 days), March – 31 days, 4. April – 30 days, 5. May – 31 days, 6. June – 30 days, 7. July – 31 days, 8. August – 31 days, 9. September – 30 days, 10. October – 31 days, 11. November – 30 days, 12. December – 31 days.

In the age of Jesus Christ, the Julian calendar was in wide use. Later this calendar was adopted by the Christian Church. In light of this, and also because of its simplicity and convenience, we will primarily use the Julian calendar dates in making our calculations.