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Preamble

PART I—INTRODUCTION

Article 1—Scope of the present Convention

Article 2—Use of terms

Article 3—International agreements not within the scope of the present Convention

Article 4—Non-retroactivity of the present Convention

Article 5—Treaties constituting international organizations and treaties adopted within an international organization

PART II—CONCLUSION AND ENTRY INTO FORCE OF TREATIES

SECTION 1. CONCLUSION OF TREATIES

Article 6—Capacity of States to conclude treaties

Article 7—Full powers

Article 8—Subsequent confirmation of an act performed without authorization

Article 9—Adoption of the text

Article 10—Authentication of the text

Article 11—Means of expressing consent to be bound by a treaty

Article 12—Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by signature

Article 13—Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by an exchange of instruments constituting a treaty

Article 14—Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by ratification, acceptance or approval

Article 15—Consent to be bound by a treaty expressed by accession

Article 16. — Exchange or deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession

Article 17—Consent to be bound by part of a treaty and choice of differing provisions

Article 18—Obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a treaty prior to its entry into force

SECTION 2. RESERVATIONS

Article 19—Formulation of reservations

Article 20—Acceptance of and objection to reservations

Article 21—Legal effects of reservations and of objections to reservations

Article 22—Withdrawal of reservations and of objections to reservations

Article 23—Procedure regarding reservations

SECTION 3. ENTRY INTO FORCE AND PROVISIONAL APPLICATION OF TREATIES

Article 24—Entry into force

Article 25—Provisional application

PART III—OBSERVANCE, APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES

SECTION 1. OBSERVANCE OF TREATIES

Article 26—Pacta sunt servanda

Article 27 Internal law and observance of treaties

SECTION 2. APPLICATION OF TREATIES

Article 28—Non-retroactivity of treaties

Article 29—Territorial scope of treaties

Article 30—Application of successive treaties relating to the same subject-matter

SECTION 3. INTERPRETATION OF TREATIES

Article 31—General rule of interpretation

Article 32—Supplementary means of interpretation

Article 33—Interpretation of treaties authenticated in two or more languages

SECTION 4. TREATIES AND THIRD STATES

Article 34—General rule regarding third States

Article 36—Treaties providing for rights for third States

Article 37—Revocation or modification of obligations or rights of third States

Article 38—Rules in a treaty becoming binding on third States through international custom

PART IV—AMENDMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TREATIES

Article 39—General rule regarding the amendment of treaties

Article 40—Amendment of multilateral treaties

Article 41—Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only

PART V—INVALIDITY, TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF TREATIES

SECTION 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 42—Validity and continuance in force of treaties

Article 43—Obligations imposed by international law independently of a treaty

Article 44—Separability of treaty provisions

Article 45—Loss of a right to invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty

SECTION 2. INVALIDITY OF TREATIES

Article 46—Provisions of internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties

Article 47—Specific restrictions on authority to express the consent of a State

Article 48—Error

Article 49—Fraud

Article 50—Corruption of a representative of a State

Article 51—Coercion of a representative of a State

Article 52—Coercion of a State by the threat or use of force

Article 53—Treaties conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)

SECTION 3. TERMINATION AND SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF TREATIES

Article 54—Termination of or withdrawal from a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties

Article 55—Reduction of the parties to a multilateral treaty below the number necessary for its entry into force

Article 56—Denunciation of or withdrawal from a treaty containing no provision regarding termination, denunciation or withdrawal

Article 57—Suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or by consent of the parties

Article 58—Suspension of the operation of a multilateral treaty by agreement between certain of the parties only

Article 59—Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty implied by conclusion of a later treaty

Article 60—Termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty as a consequence of its breach

Article 61—Supervening impossibility of performance

Article 62—Fundamental change of circumstances

Article 63—Severance of diplomatic or consular relations

Article 64—Emergence of a new peremptory norm of general international law (jus cogens)

SECTION 4. PROCEDURE

Article 65—Procedure to be followed with respect to invalidity, termination, withdrawal from or suspension of the operation of a treaty

Article 66—Procedures for judicial settlement, arbitration and conciliation

Article 67—Instruments for declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty

Article 68—Revocation of notifications and instruments provided for in articles 65 and 67

SECTION 5. CONSEQUENCES OF THE INVALIDITY, TERMINATION OR SUSPENSION OF THE OPERATION OF A TREATY

Article 69—Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty

Article 70—Consequences of the termination of a treaty

Article 71—Consequences of the invalidity of a treaty which conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law

Article 72—Consequences of the suspension of the operation of a treaty

PART VI—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 73—Cases of State succession, State responsibility and outbreak of hostilities

Article 74—Diplomatic and consular relations and the conclusion of treaties

Article 75—Case of an aggressor State

PART VII—DEPOSITARIES, NOTIFICATIONS, CORRECTIONS AND REGISTRATION

Article 76—Depositaries of treaties

Article 77—Functions of depositaries

Article 78—Notifications and communications

Article 79—Correction of errors in texts or in certified copies of treaties

Article 80—Registration and publication of treaties

PART VIII—FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 81—Signature

Article 82—Ratification

Article 83—Accession

Article 84—Entry into force

Article 85—Authentic texts

ANNEX