Читать книгу The American Journal of Archaeology, 1893-1 - Various - Страница 12

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The following compilation is intended to present in compact form the evidence at present available on this question: How far did the Greeks choose, for the sculptured decorations of a temple, subjects connected with the principal divinity or divinities worshiped in that temple? We have omitted some examples of sculpture in very exceptional situations, e.g., the sculptured drums of the sixth century and fourth century temples of Artemis at Ephesos. Acroteria have also been omitted. But we have attempted to include every Greek temple known to have had pediment-figures or sculptured metopes or frieze, and have thus, for the sake of completeness, registered some examples which are valueless for the main question. The groups from Delos, attributed on their first discovery to the pediments of the Apollon-temple, have been proved by Furtwängler to have been acroteria (Arch, Zeitung, 1882, p. 336 ff.) It does not appear that Lebas had any good grounds for attributing to a temple the relief found by him at Rhamnus (Voyage archéologique Monuments figurés, No. 19,) and now in Munich. The frieze from Priene representing a gigantomachy was not a part of the temple there (Wolters, Jahrbuch des deutschen arch. Instituts, I, pp. 56, ff.) The Poseidon and Amphitrite frieze in Munich (Brunn, Beschreibung der Glyptothek, No. 115) has been, by some, taken for a piece of temple decoration, but is too doubtful an example to be catalogued. The statement of Pausanias (II. 11. 8) about the pediment-sculptures (τà έν τοίς àετοίς) of the Asklepieion at Titane is hopelessly inadequate and perhaps inaccurate.

The order of arrangement in the following table is roughly chronological, absolute precision being impossible. Ionic temples are designated by a prefixed asterisk, the one Corinthian by a dagger. The others are Doric, and, in the ease of these, "Sculptures of the Exterior Frieze" refers, of course, to sculptured metopes.

It has not been our purpose to discuss at length the conclusions to be drawn from this evidence. Briefly, the results may be summarized as follows:

The principal sculpture (i.e., sculpture of the principal pediment, or, in the absence of pediment-sculpture, the frieze in the most important situation) included the figure of the temple divinity, generally in central position, in the following numbers: ^A 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 26. If 12, 14 and 32 had no pediment-sculptures, they should be added; probably also 33 and 34. In 30 the subject of the pediment-sculpture, if correctly divined by Conze, was, at any rate, closely related to the temple-divinities.

Footnote A:(return) In counting the Aigina temple we commit deliberately a circulus in probando.

The principal sculpture apparently did not include or especially refer to the temple-divinity in the following: 20, 24, 25. Practice would seem to have become somewhat relaxed after about 425 B.C. The very singular temple of Assos, (No. 5), though earlier, should perhaps be added.

The temple-divinity was represented in the western pediments of 7, 13 and perhaps of 20, but not of that in 9, 11, 24 (?) or 25.

The subjects of sculptured metopes and friezes were largely or wholly without obvious relation to the temple-divinity in the following: 1, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 1.9, 23, 29, 32.

P.B. TARBELL.

W.N. BATES.

PLACE. DIVINITY. DATE. PEDIMENT-SCULPTURES.

B.C.

1 Selinous Apollon (?) ca. 625 (Temple C) 2 Selinous ca. 625 3 Athens ca. 600 E.: (?) Zeus fighting Typhon; (Acropolis) Herakles fighting serpent. W. (?): Herakles fighting Triton; Kerkopes(?) 4 Athens ca. 600 E. (?): Herakles fighting (Acropolis) Hydra. W. (?): Herakles fighting Triton. 5 Assos VI cent. (?) 6 Metapontum Apollon VI cent. (?) Subject unknown 7 Aigina Athena ca. 530 (?) E. & W.: Combats of Greeks and Trojans; Athena in centre. 8 Athens Athena ca. 530 (?) E. (?): Gigantomachy, (Acropolis) including Athena (in centre?) 9 Delphi Apollon VI cent. after E.: Apollon, Artemis, 548 Leto, Muses. W.: Dionysos, Thyiads, Setting Sun, etc. 10 Selinous VI cent. (Temple F) 11 Olympia Zeus ca. 460 E.: Preparations for chariot-race of Pelops and Oinomaos; Zeus as arbiter in centre. W.: Centauromachy; Apollon (?) in centre.

OTHER

SCULPTURES OF EXTERIOR FRIEZE SCULPTURED DECORATIONS.

1 E.: in centre, two quadrigae

with unidentified figs., also

Perseus slaying Medusa, Herakles

carrying Kerkopes, etc. W.: Subjects unknown. 2 Europa on bull, winged sphinx, etc. 3 4 5 E. (and W. ?): Pair of sphinxes, Exterior architrave: pairs Centaur, wild hog, man pursuing of sphinxes in centre of E. & woman, two men in combat, W. fronts (?), Herakles and etc. Triton, Herakles and Centaurs, symposium, combats of animals. 6 7 None. 8 9 Herakles killing Hydra, Bellerophon killing Chimaera, combats of gods and giants, etc. 10 E.: Scenes from Gigantomachy. 11 12 metopes over columns and antæ of pronaos and opisthodomos: labors of Herakles.

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| PLACE. | DIVINITY. | DATE. |PEDIMENT-SCULPTURES.

---+-----------+-----------+-----------+---------------------------

| | | B.C. |

| Selinous | Hera (?) |ca. 450 (?)|

12| (Temple E)| | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

13| Athens | Athena |ca. 445–438|E.: Birth of Athena.

|(Acropolis)| | |W.: Contest of Athena

| | | | and Poseidon for Attika.

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

14| Sunjon | Athena |ca. 435 (?)|

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

15| Athens | |ca. 435 (?)|E. & W.: Lost; subjects

| | | |unknown.

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

*16| Athens | Athena | ca. 432 |None

|(Acropolis)| Nike | |

| | | |

17| Kroton | Hera | V cent., |Undescribed.

| | | 2d half |

18| Agrigentum| Zeus | V cent., |

| | | before 405|

19| Bassae | Apollon |ca. 425 (?)|None.

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |