Читать книгу Herd Record of the Association of Breeders of Thorough-Bred Neat Stock - Various - Страница 4

Beef Qualities.

In 1843 a thorough bred Heifer, Regina, three years and a half old, having nursed her calf through the summer, was in thin flesh in the fall. Her bag having been deformed by accident, and she not being in calf, was put into a distillery stall in November, fed on slops and straw, and slaughtered in April following, and her dressed weight, beef, hide and tallow, 1005 pounds; beef of the finest quality.

In 1857, Lucy, a thorough bred Heifer, was turned to pasture with reference to making beef of her, she having proved barren, being then nearly four years old. She was put into the stable in November, fed on good hay and a very small quantity of meal, it being the design to feed her a long time. On the fourth day of January following she was sold to a butcher for ten dollars per cwt., estimated at 1,000 pounds. She was slaughtered at Hartford, Conn., being four years and five months old, having eaten less than two bushels of meal in her life. Her beef was sold, all the prime pieces at twenty-five cents per pound; was a very beautiful animal, with handling properties of the very highest order of excellence.

In the month of January, 1862, Pocahontas, a thorough bred Heifer, was sold and slaughtered, then five years and one month old. Her dressed weight was as follows: hide, ninety pounds; tallow, one hundred and twenty-seven pounds; quarters, eleven hundred and eighteen pounds; total dressed weight, thirteen hundred and thirty-five pounds; was sold for eight cents per pound, making $106.80. Her feed, other than hay and grass, being twenty and one-half bushels of meal in all.

Dairy Qualities.

Lucilla, a thorough bred Heifer, at four years old, gave in June fifty-five pounds of milk on an average for one month; her greatest yield in one day was fifty-nine pounds and eight ounces, and during this month yielded fourteen pounds and eight ounces of butter in one week; her feed, grass, with three quarts of meal daily. At five years old the first week in June, her milk yielded fifteen pounds three ounces of butter, on grass only.

Dorothy, a thorough bred Cow, gave thirty-nine pounds eight ounces of milk per day, three months after calving, on grass only; and in seven days made fifteen pounds one ounce of butter, in October.

Nymph 5th, in the month of June, 1860, gave twenty-four quarts of milk daily for two weeks in succession, and made butter at the rate of two pounds four ounces per day, or fifteen pounds three ounces per week, on grass only.

Rose 2d, a thorough bred Cow, produced seventeen pounds four ounces of butter from one week's milk in June, on grass only.

Longevity.

Princess, a thorough bred Cow, bred regularly up to eighteen years old; was then dried off and turned to grass for beef, and slaughtered in the fall without stall-feeding, and made merchantable beef.

Arabella, a thorough-bred Cow, bred regularly up to seventeen years old, and died in 1861, at eighteen years old.

Lilac 4th, a thorough-bred Cow, bred regularly up to nineteen years old, and died in 1861.

Scale of Points for Short Horn Bulls.

	Points.
Art. 1.—Purity of breed on male and female side; sire and dam reputed for docility of disposition, early maturity, and aptitude to fatten. Sire a good stock getter. Dam a good breeder, and giving a large quantity of milk, or such as is superior for making butter or cheese.	4
Art. 2.—Head muscular and fine. The horns fine and gradually diminishing to a point; of a flat, rather than of a round shape at the base; short and inclined to turn up; those of a clear, waxy color to be preferred, but such as are of a transparent white, slightly tinged with yellow, admissible. Ears small, thin, and covered with soft hair; playing quick and moving freely. Forehead short and broad, especially between the eyes, and slightly dished. Eyes bright, placid, and rather prominent than otherwise, with a yellow rim round them. Lower part of the face clean, dished, and well developing the course of the veins. Muzzle small. Nose of a clear orange or light chocolate color. Nostrils wide and open. Lower jaw thin. Teeth clean and sound.	5
Art. 3.—Neck fine, and slightly arched; strongly and well set on to the head and shoulders; harmoniously widening, deepening, and rounding as it approaches the latter point. No dewlap.	2
Art. 4.—Chest broad, deep and projecting—the brisket on a lower line than the belly.	5
Art. 5.—Shoulders broad, strong, fine, and well placed. Fore legs short, straight, and standing rather wide apart than narrow. Fore arm muscular, broad, and powerful; slightly swelling and full above the knee; the bone fine and flat. Knees well knit and strong. Foot flat and in shape of an oblong semi-circle; horn of the hoof sound, and of a clear, waxy color.	2
Art. 6.—Barrel round and deep, and well ribbed up the hips.	4
Art. 7.—Back short, strong, straight and broad from the withers to the setting of the tail. Crops round and full. Loins broad. Huckle bones on a level with the back. Tail well set, on a level with the back, or very slightly below it; fine and gradually diminishing to a point, and hanging without the brush an inch or so below the hock, at right angles with the back.	4
Art. 8.—Hind quarters from the huckle to the point of the rump, long and well filled up. Twist well let down and full. Hind legs short, straight, and well spread apart; gradually swelling and rounding above the hock; the bone fine and flat below. Foot flat, and in shape making an oblong semi-circle. Horn of the hoof sound, and of a clear, waxy color. Legs not to cross each other in walking, nor to straddle behind.	3
Art. 9.—Skin of a medium thickness; movable and mellow; a white color is admissible, but a rich cream or orange much preferable. Hair well covering the hide; soft and fine, and if undercoated with soft, thick fur in the winter, so much the better. Color, pure white, red roan, bright red, or reddish yellow and white. (A black or dark brown nose or rim round the eye; black or dark spots on the skin and hair decidedly objectional, and indicative of coarse meat and bad blood.)	3
Art. 10.—Good handling.	4
Art. 11.—Sure stock-getter.	4
Art. 12.—Stock, when made steers, certain to feed kindly for beeves at any age, and make prime beef.	5
Art. 13.—General appearance.	2
Perfection.	50

Scale of Points for Short Horn Cows.

	Points.
Art. 1.—Purity of breed on male and female side; sire and dam reputed for docility of disposition, early maturity and aptitude to fatten. Sire a good stock getter. Dam a good breeder; giving a large quantity of milk, or such as is superior for making butter or cheese.	7
Art. 2.—Head small and tapering; longer and narrower in proportion than that of the bull. Horns fine and gradually diminishing to a point; of a flat rather than of a round shape at the base; short, and inclined to turn up; those of a clear waxy color to be preferred, but such as are of a transparent white slightly tinged with yellow, admissible. Ears small, thin, and well covered with soft hair; playing quick and moving freely. Forehead of good breadth between the eyes, and slightly dished. Eyes bright, placid, and rather prominent than otherwise, with a yellow rim round them. The lower part of the face clean, dished, and well developing the course of the veins. Muzzle small. Nose of a clear orange, or light chocolate color—the former much preferred. Nostrils wide and well opened. Lower jaw thin. Teeth clear and sound.	5
Art. 3.—Neck fine and thin, straight, and well set on to the head and shoulders, harmoniously widening, deepening, and slightly rounding in a delicate feminine manner as it approaches the latter point. No dewlap.	2
Art. 4.—Shoulders fine and well placed. Fore legs short, straight, and well spread apart. Fore arm wide, muscular, slightly swelling, and full above the knee; the bone fine and flat below. Knees well knit and strong. Foot flat and in shape of an oblong semi-circle. Horn of the hoof sound, and of a clear waxy color.	2
Art. 5.—Chest broad, deep and projecting—the brisket on a lower line than the belly.	5
Art. 6.—Barrel round, deep, and well ribbed up to the hips.	4
Art. 7.—Back short, strong and straight, from the withers to the setting of the tail. Crop round and full. Loin broad. Huckle bones on a level with the back. Tail well set, on a level with the back or very slightly below it; fine and gradually diminishing to a point; and hanging without the brush, an inch or so below the hock, at right angles with the back.	4
Art. 8.—Hind quarters from the huckles to the point of the rump long and well filled up. Twist well let down and full. Hind legs short, straight, and well spread apart; gradually swelling and rounding above the hock; the bone fine and flat below. Foot flat and in shape of an oblong semi-circle. Horn of the hoof sound and of a clear waxy color. Legs not to cross each other in walking, nor to straddle behind.	3
Art. 9.—Udder broad, full, extending well forward along the belly, and well up behind. Teats of a good size for the hand; squarely placed with a slight oblique pointing out; wide apart; when pressed by the hand the milk flowing from them freely. Extra teats, indicative of good milking qualities, but should never be milked, as they draw the bag out of shape. Milk veins large and swelling. Milk excelling either in quantity or quality for making butter or cheese.	5
Art. 10.—Skin of a medium thickness; movable and mellow; a white color is admissible, but a rich cream or orange much preferable. Hair well covering the hide; soft and fine, and if undercoated with soft, thick fur in the winter, so much the better. Color pure white; red roan; bright red; red and white; spotted roan, or reddish yellow and white. (A black or dark brown nose, or rim round the eye; black or dark brown spots on the skin and hair decidedly objectionable, and indicative of coarse meat and bad blood.)	3
Art. 11.—Good handler.	4
Art. 12.—Sure and good breeder.	4
Art. 13.—General appearance.	2
Perfection.	50