Читать книгу The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening, Division 1; A to Car - Various - Страница 11

FIG. 25. ADA AURANTIACA.

ACULEATUS. Armed with prickles.

ACULEOLATUS. Armed with small prickles.

ACULEUS. A prickle; a conical elevation of the skin of a plant, becoming hard and sharp-pointed.

ACUMEN. An acute terminal angle.

ACUMINATE. Extended into an acute terminal angle; this word is confined to considerable extension.

ACUNNA OBLONGA. See Bejaria æstuans.

ACUTE. Sharp-pointed.

ACYNTHA. A synonym of Sanseviera (which see).

ADA (a complimentary name). ORD. Orchideæ. An evergreen orchid, very closely allied to Brassia, from which it differs chiefly in having the lip parallel with, and solidly united to, the base of the column. Some authorities now refer the plant to the genus Mesospinidium. It requires to be potted in peat and sphagnum, in equal parts. The drainage must be perfect, and, during summer, the water supply profuse. Although in winter far less will suffice, the plant should not be allowed to become dry. Propagated by divisions as soon as the plant commences growth.

A. aurantiaca (orange).* fl. orange-scarlet, in long terminal nodding racemes, each bearing from six to ten blossoms; petals elongated, streaked with black inside. Winter and spring. l. two or three to each plant, linear, dark green, about 6in. in length. Habit erect, with somewhat cylindrical pseudo-bulbs, which taper upwards. See Fig. 25.

ADAMIA (named after John Adam, some time Governor-General of India, and a promoter of natural history). ORD. Saxifrageæ. A small genus of Hydrangea-like greenhouse evergreen shrubs, having many flowered terminal corymbs of flowers, and opposite, petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, serrated leaves. They thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and cuttings will root readily in a similar compost, under a hand glass.

A. cyanea (blue-berried). fl. whitish, or pink. June. h. 6ft. Nepaul, in rocky places, 1829.

A. sylvatica (wood). fl. blue; cymes nearly undivided, on short peduncles, disposed in a close panicle. June. h. 6ft. Java, 1846.

A. versicolor (many-coloured). fl. blue. August. China, 1844.

ADAM'S APPLE. See Citrus Limetta and Musa paradisiaca.

ADAMSIA. See Geum, Puschkinia, Sieversia.

ADAM'S NEEDLE. See Yucca.

ADANSONIA (named after Michael Adanson, an eminent French botanist). Baobab Tree. ORD. Sterculiaceæ. This is reputed to be one of the largest trees in the world, as far as the girth of the trunk is concerned; but it is seldom seen in cultivation in this country.

A. digitata (finger-leaved). fl. white, about 6in. across, with purplish anthers, on long, axillary, solitary pedicels. l. palmate, with three leaflets in the young plants, and five to seven in adult ones. h. 40ft. Africa.

ADDER'S FERN. See Polypodium vulgare.

ADDER-SPIT. See Pteris aquilina.

ADDER'S TONGUE. See Ophioglossum.

ADELOBOTRYS (from adelos, obscure, and botrys, a cluster). ORD. Melastomaceæ. Stove climbing shrubs with terete branches. Flowers white, crowded in cymose heads at the tops of the branches. Leaves clothed with rufous hairs on both surfaces when young, but in the adult state glabrous, except the nerves, petiolate, ovate, cordate, acuminated, ciliately serrated, five-nerved. For general culture, see Pleroma.

A. Lindeni (Linden's).* fl. white, changing to purple. Brazil, 1866.

A. scandens (climbing).* This, the original species, possibly not now in cultivation, is a native of French Guiana.

ADENANDRA (from aden, a gland, and aner, a male; the anthers terminate in a globose gland). ORD. Rutaceæ. Very beautiful little greenhouse shrubs from the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, usually solitary at the tops of the branches; stamens ten, the five opposite the petals sterile, five fertile ones similar in form, but shorter. Leaves usually alternate, flat, glandularly dotted. They thrive in a mixture of sand and peat, with a little turfy loam. The young tops, before they begin to throw out their buds, made into cuttings, and planted in a pot of sand, with a bell glass placed over them, will root without bottom heat.

A. acuminata (acuminate). Synonymous with A. amœna.

A. amœna (pleasing).* fl. large, whitish above, and reddish beneath, solitary, sessile, terminal. June. l. scattered, oblong or oval, bluntish, smooth, dotted beneath. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1798. SYN. A. acuminata.

A. coriacea (leathery-leaved). fl. large, pink, usually solitary on the tops of the branches. June. l. scattered, oblong, obtuse, revolute, quite smooth. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1720.

A. fragrans (fragrant).* fl. rose colour, on long peduncles, fragrant; pedicels clammy, aggregate, umbellate. May. l. scattered, smooth, spreading very much, ovate-oblong, glandular, a little crenulated. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1812.

A. linearis (linear-leaved). fl. white, terminal, on long, usually solitary, pedicels. June. l. opposite, linear, obtuse, spreading; branches and pedicels smooth. h. 1ft. 1800.

A. marginata (margined).* fl. pale flesh-colour, on long peduncles; umbels terminal. June. l. scattered, smooth, transparent, cordate, lower ones ovate, upper ones lanceolate. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1806.

A. umbellata (umbel-flowered).* fl. pink, almost sessile, terminal, umbellate, petals fringed. June. l. oblong or obovate, dotted beneath, fringed on the edges. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1790.

A. u. speciosa (showy).* fl. large, pink, nearly sessile, terminal, umbellate. June. l. scattered, oblong or obovate, revolute, dotted beneath, smooth, but a little fringed on the edges. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1790.

A. uniflora (one-flowered).* fl. large, whitish inside, and pinkish outside, nearly sessile, solitary, terminal. June. l. scattered, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat pointed, revolute, smooth, dotted beneath. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1775.

A. villosa (shaggy).* fl. pink, nearly sessile, terminal, umbellate; sepals, petals, and stamens fringed. June. l. crowded, ovate-oblong, fringed, pubescent and glandular beneath. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1786.

ADENANTHERA (from aden, a gland, and anthera, an anther; in reference to the anthers, which are each terminated by a deciduous, pedicellate gland). ORD. Leguminosæ. A small genus of stove evergreen trees, with racemose spikes of small flowers and bipinnate or decompound leaves. They thrive well in a mixture of peat and loam. Increased by cuttings, which should be taken off at a joint and planted in heat in a pot of sand, placing a bell glass over them.

A. chrysostachys (golden-spiked). fl. golden. h. 15ft. Mauritius, 1824.

A. falcata (sickle-shaped). fl. yellowish. h. 6ft. India, 1812.

A. pavonina (peacock-like).* Peacock Flower Fence. fl. white and yellow mixed. May. l. leaflets oval, obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces. h. 5ft. India, 1759.

ADENANTHOS (from aden, a gland, and anthos, a flower; referring to the glands on the flowers). ORD. Proteaceæ. Ornamental greenhouse evergreen pilose shrubs, thriving in sandy peat. Propagated in spring by cuttings, which should be placed in sandy soil under a bell glass, with a gentle bottom heat.

A. barbigera (bearded).* fl. red, axillary, solitary, pedunculate; perianth pilose, bearded at top; involucre spreading, villous. June. l. oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, triple-nerved. h. 7ft. Swan River, 1845.

A. cuneata (wedge-leaved). fl. red. July. h. 5ft. New Holland, 1824.

A. obovata (obovate-leaved).* fl. red. July. h. 5ft. New Holland, 1826.

ADENIUM (from Aden, where it is found). ORD. Apocynaceæ. Greenhouse evergreen succulent shrubs. The species mentioned below is remarkable in having a globose thick caudex or stem; branches dichotomous; corolla salver-shaped. They require a well-drained compost of sand and loam. Half-ripened cuttings strike root readily in sand, under a hand glass. But little water is required when the plants are not in a growing state.

A. obesum (fat). fl. pinky-crimson, downy; corymbs terminal, many-flowered; pedicels short. June. l. close together at the tops of the branches, 3in. long, oblong, narrowed at the base, abruptly terminated by a hard, short point. h. 3ft. or 4ft. Aden, 1845.

ADENOCALYMNA (from aden, a gland, and calymna, a covering; referring to the conspicuous glands on the leaves and floral coverings). ORD. Bignoniaceæ. An elegant genus of stove evergreen climbers. Flowers racemose, trumpet-shaped, bracteate. Leaves ternate or binate. Stems slender. They require a hot and moist temperature to grow them successfully, and thrive best in a compost of loam and peat. Cuttings will root in sand, if placed under a bell glass, with bottom heat.

A. comosum (hairy).* fl. yellow; racemes spicate, axillary, and terminal; bracts comose. September. l. trifoliate and conjugate, tendrilled; leaflets ovate, leathery, glandular. h. 10ft. Brazil, 1841.

A. longeracemosum (long-racemed). fl. yellow. October. Brazil.

A. nitidum (shining).* fl. yellow; racemes axillary, nearly terminal, velvety; corolla velvety; bracts narrow, glandular. February. l. trifoliate or conjugate, tendrilled; leaflets elliptic, oblong. h. 10ft. Brazil, 1848.

ADENOCARPUS (from aden, a gland, and karpos, a fruit; in reference to the legumes being beset with pedicellate glands). ORD. Leguminosæ. Shrubs, with numerous racemes of yellow flowers; divaricate branches, trifoliate usually aggregate leaves, having petiolar stipulas, and complicated leaflets. All the species are elegant when in flower, and well suited for ornamenting the fronts of shrubberies. Except where otherwise mentioned, all are hardy. They thrive best in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and may be readily increased by seeds or layers, or by grafting the rarer on the commoner kinds. Young cuttings will root freely in sand, covered by a hand glass, which should be taken off and wiped occasionally. Seeds may be sown in March, the hardy species out of doors, and the others in a cold house.

A. foliolosus (slightly-leaved).* fl. yellow; racemes terminal; calyx covered with glandless hairs, with the lower lip elongated and trifid at the apex; the segments equal. May. l. (and branches) much crowded, hairy, trifoliate. h. 4ft. to 6ft. Canary Islands, 1629. A half-hardy evergreen species.

A. frankenioides (frankenia-like).* fl. yellow, crowded; racemes terminal; calyx beset with glandular pubescence, with the lower lip having the middle segment longer than the lateral ones, and exceeding the lower lip. April. l. trifoliate, much crowded, hairy; branches velvety. h. 1ft. to 3ft. Teneriffe, 1815. Requires protection in winter; an evergreen.

A. hispanicus (Spanish).* fl. yellow, crowded; racemes terminal; calyx beset with glands and hairs; lower lip of calyx with three equal segments, hardly longer than the upper lip. June. l. trifoliate, grouped; branchlets hairy. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Spain, 1816. Deciduous.

A. intermedius (intermediate).* fl. yellow, not crowded; racemes terminal; calyx beset with glandular pubescence, with the lower lip trifid, the lateral segments shorter than the middle ones, and much exceeding the upper lip. May. l. trifoliate, grouped; branches rather shaggy. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Sicily and Naples, on mountains, 1816. Deciduous.

A. parvifolius (small-leaved).* fl. yellow, not crowded; racemes terminal; calyx clothed with glandular pubescence, with the middle segment of the lower lip longer than the lateral ones, much exceeding the upper lip. May. l. trifoliate, grouped, small; branches glabrous. h. 3ft. to 4ft. France, on exposed heaths, 1800. Deciduous.

A. telonensis (Toulon).* fl. yellow, not crowded; racemes terminal; calyx clothed with glandless pubescence, the segments of the lower lip about equal in length, a little longer than the upper lip. June. l. trifoliate, grouped; branchlets smoothish. h. 2ft. to 4ft. South France, 1800. Deciduous.

ADENOPHORA (from aden, a gland, and phoreo, to bear; in reference to the cylindrical nectary which girds the base of the style). ORD. Campanulaceæ. A genus of elegant hardy border perennials, very similar in habit, shape of flower, &c., to Campanula, from which genus Adenophora differs in having the style surrounded by a cylindrical gland. Flowers stalked, drooping, spicate. Leaves broad, stalked, somewhat whorled. They grow best in light rich garden soil, with a warm sunny position, and should be increased by seeds, as dividing the roots is the sure way to lose them. They are easily raised from seeds, which may be sown as soon as ripe, or in spring, in pots placed in a cold frame.

A. coronopifolia (buckhorn-leaved).* fl. blue, large, three to ten, racemose, at the top of the stem, on short pedicels. July. l. radical ones petiolate, ovate-roundish, cordate, crenately toothed; upper ones sessile, linear-lanceolate, nearly entire, quite glabrous. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Dahuria, 1822.

A. denticulata (toothed-leaved).* fl. blue, small, numerous, on short pedicels, disposed in a more or less loose elongated raceme. July. l. serrated, smoothish; radical ones petiolate, rounded; upper ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate. h. 1½ft. Dahuria, 1817. SYN. A. tricuspidata.

A. Fischeri (Fischer's).* fl. blue, or whitish blue, numerous, sweet-scented, disposed in a more or less compound, elongated, and loose pyramidal panicle. August. l. radical ones petiolate, ovate-roundish, cordate, crenately toothed; upper ones sessile, ovate-lanceolate, coarsely serrated. h. 1½ft. Siberia, 1784. SYN. A. liliiflora.

A. Gmelini (Gmelin's). fl. blue, secund, three to ten, on the top of each stem, rising from the axils of the upper leaves, disposed in a long raceme. July. l. upper ones erect, linear, very narrow, entire, glabrous. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Dahuria, in dry stony places, 1820.

A. intermedia (intermediate). fl. pale blue, small, racemose. May. l. radical ones petiolate, cordate, toothed; upper ones lanceolate, tapering to a point at the base, serrated, crowded. h. 3ft. Siberia, 1820.

A. Lamarckii (Lamarck's).* fl. blue; corolla funnel-shaped, disposed in an elongated, many-flowered, raceme, which is compound at the base. June. l. ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrated, ciliated, glabrous, except on the margins. h. 1ft. to 2ft. Eastern Europe, 1824.

A. latifolia (broad-leaved). Synonymous with A. pereskiæfolia.

A. liliiflora (lily-flowered).* fl. numerous, sweet-scented, in a loose pyramidal panicle. Central and Eastern Europe.

A. pereskiæfolia (pereskia-leaved).* fl. blue, rather numerous, scattered over the upper part of the stems, rarely subverticillate; peduncles one to two, or three-flowered. July. l. three to five in a whorl, ovate-oblong, acuminated, coarsely serrated, roughly ciliated. h. 1½ft. Dahuria, 1821. SYN. A. latifolia.

A. periplocæfolia (periploca-leaved). fl. pale blue, at the top of the stem, sometimes only one. June. l. petiolate, ovate, acute, somewhat cordate, crenately serrated. Stem ascending. h. 3in. Siberia, 1824. Rockery species.

A. stylosa (long-styled).* fl. pale blue, small, few, disposed in a loose, naked, raceme. May. l. petiolate; lower ones obovate, sinuate; upper ones ovate, acuminated, glabrous. Stem ascending. h. 1ft. to 1½ft. Eastern Europe, 1820.

A. tricuspidata (three-cusped). Synonymous with A. denticulata.

A. verticillata (whorl-leaved).* fl. pale blue, small, irregularly disposed at the tops of the stems; lower whorls many flowered, distant; peduncles one to three-flowered. June. l. in whorls, serrately toothed; radical ones petiolate, roundish; upper ones ovate-lanceolate; stems simple. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Dahuria, 1783.

ADENOSTOMA (from aden, a gland, and stoma, a mouth). ORD. Rosaceæ. Hardy shrubs, having small racemose, five-petalled flowers. They grow freely in rich loam and peat in equal proportions. Propagated in spring or autumn, by cuttings made of the young shoots, placed in sand, under glass.

A. fasciculata (fascicled).* fl. white, small, produced in terminal panicles. h. 2ft. California, 1848. A hardy, heath-like evergreen bushy plant, allied to Alchemilla.

ADESMIA (from a, without, desmos, a bond; in reference to the stamens being free). ORD. Leguminosæ. Chiefly greenhouse evergreen shrubs, or trailers, from South America, with lanceolate stipulas, abruptly pinnate leaves, ending in a bristle; axillary one-flowered pedicels, or the flowers racemosely disposed at the tops of the branches, in consequence of the upper leaves being abortive. They will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand. Propagated by cuttings placed in sand, covered by a hand glass, in a gentle heat; or by seeds, which are generally more satisfactory. The annual species—A. muricata, A. papposa, and A. pendula—are not worth growing. The following are fairly representative of the most ornamental species.

A. glutinosa (sticky).* fl. yellow; racemes elongated, terminal, simple, spinescent, and are (as well as the linear bracteas) clothed with white hairs. May. l. with about three pairs of elliptic, hairy leaflets; branches spreading, beset with glandular, glutinous hairs. Stem shrubby; legumes three-jointed, very long. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1831.

A. Loudonii (Loudon's). fl. yellow. May, h. 2ft. Valparaiso, 1830.

A. microphylla (small-leaved).* fl. yellow; racemes somewhat capitate, terminal, simple, spinescent. June. l. with six pairs of small orbicular leaflets, on short petioles, pubescent; branches spinose. Stem shrubby. h. 1ft. to 2ft. 1830.

A. Uspallatensis (Uspallatan). fl. yellow. July. h. 1ft. China, 1832.

A. viscosa (clammy). fl. yellow. August. h. 12ft. Chili, 1831.

ADHATODA (its native name). ORD. Acanthaceæ. Allied to Justicia. Very ornamental stove shrubs, requiring a good fibrous peat and loam, with a moderate addition of silver sand. To grow them well, they require liberal treatment and plenty of heat, when the flowers will be produced in great profusion. Increased by young cuttings in spring, placed in sandy soil, in bottom heat. See Justicia.

A. cydoniæfolia (quince-leaved).* fl. produced in rather dense clusters at the point of every branch; tube of corolla white, the upper lip white tipped with purple; the lower lip large, rich deep purple, with a white stripe down the centre. October. l. opposite, ovate, dark green, and are, as well as the branches, slightly downy. Brazil, 1855. This species is an excellent subject for training up pillars or rafters; and, when in bloom, makes a pretty basket plant. It has a somewhat straggling habit, but a little care only is needed in pruning and training to grow it into an elegant shape.

A. vasica (Vasica). fl. purple. July. h. 10ft. India, 1699.

ADHERENT. Strictly signifies sticking to anything, but is more commonly employed in the sense of adnate.

ADHESION. The union of parts usually distinct.

ADIANTOPSIS. See Cheilanthes.

ADIANTUM (from adiantos, dry, as if plunged in water it yet remains dry). Maidenhair. ORD. Filices. A large genus of handsome tropical and temperate ferns. Sori marginal, varying in shape from globose to linear, usually numerous and distinct, sometimes confluent and continuous. Involucre the same shape as the sorus, formed of the reflexed margin of the fronds, bearing the capsules on its upper side. None of the Adiantums are truly hardy except the American A. pedatum; even our own native species requires protection. The chief requirements of this handsome genus of ferns are good drainage, and a compost of fibrous peat, loam and sand. In most cases, plenty of pot room is essential, and a larger quantity of loam will be needed for strong-growing sorts. For general culture, see Ferns.

A. æmulum (rival).* sti. slender, about 6in. long. fronds slender, pyramidate, tri-subquadripinnate; pinnæ distinct, obliquely pyramidate, unequally-sided; pinnules rhomboid or oblong, tapering to the base, the terminal one distinctly cuneate, all sparingly lobate. sori, 2in. to 4in., circular, or nearly so. Brazil, 1877. Stove or greenhouse species.

A. æthiopicum (Æthiopian).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, rather slender, erect. fronds 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate; lower pinnæ 3in. to 4in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, deltoid; ultimate segments ¼in. to ½in. across, ¼in. deep, suborbicular, the upper part broadly lobed; rachis and surfaces naked. sori in several roundish patches. A. Chilense (Chilian), A. scabrum (scurfy), A. sulphureum (sulphured) are mere forms of this species. Spain, and almost cosmopolitan. A very pretty greenhouse fern. SYNS. A. assimile, A. emarginatum.

A. affine (related).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, erect. fronds with a terminal central pinna 4in. to 6in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, and several smaller erecto-patent lateral ones, the lowest of which are again branched; pinnules, ½in. to ¾in. long, ¼in. deep, dimidiate, the lower edge straight, the upper nearly parallel with it, crenate, like the oblique or bluntly rounded outer edge. sori numerous, roundish. New Zealand. Greenhouse species. SYN. A. Cunninghami.

A. amabile (lovely). Synonymous with A. glaucophyllum. Also a garden name for A. Moorei.

A. amœnum (pleasing). Synonymous with A. flabellulatum.

A. andicolum. A synonym of A. glaucophyllum.

A. aneitense (Aneiteum).* sti. and rachises castaneous, the latter glabrous beneath, ferrugino-pilose above; fronds deltoid, three to four pinnate, 1½ft. to 2ft. long, and broad; segments, about ½in. long, rhomboidal, ascending, nearly sessile, inner side close to rachis, lower erecto-patent, shallowly lobed. sori round, reniform, in centre of lobes, four to six to a segment. Aneiteum Isles, 1880. Stove or greenhouse species.

A. assimile (assimilated). An Australian form of the widely-distributed A. æthiopicum.

A. Bausei (Bause's).* fronds 1½ft. to 2½ft. long, spreading, triangular, tri-quadripinnate; pinnæ stalked, the lower ones obliquely triangular; pinnules broad, laterally deflexed, the basal ones obliquely ovate with a truncate base, the intermediate somewhat trapeziform, the terminal cuneate—all shallowly lobed and pedicellate. sori oblong reniform, set across the apices of the lobes, 1879. A beautiful stove or greenhouse hybrid, between A. trapeziforme and A. decorum.

A. bellum (handsome).* fronds tufted, 3in. to 6in. high, bipinnate. ovate-lanceolate; pinnæ of three to six pinnules, ½in. to 1½in. long, stalked; pinnules cuneate or irregular transverse-oblong, the somewhat larger terminal ones cuneate, lobed, the margin erose, all shortly stalked. sori two to three on the smaller pinnules, roundish, or sublunate. Bermuda, 1879. Greenhouse or Wardian case species.

A. Capillus-Veneris (Venus's hair).* Common Maidenhair. sti. sub-erect, rather slender, 4in. to 9in. long. fronds very variable in size, with short terminal and numerous erecto-patent lateral branches on each side, the lowest slightly branched again; segments ½in. to 1in. broad, deeply lobed, and the lobes again bluntly crenated. sori placed in roundish sinuses of the crenation. Great Britain, and world-wide in its distribution. Greenhouse, case, or frame species.

A. C.-V. cornubiense (Cornish).* fronds very numerous, and dwarf, more or less oblong in general outline, with large, broad pinnules of a deep green, with finely-waved margins, and an almost pellucid, but firm texture. One of the best forms, but somewhat delicate in constitution.

A. C.-V. crispulum (crisped).* fronds, with the stipes, from 6in. to 12in. long, more attenuated than those of the type, and narrower at the base; pinnules less numerous, but broad and thin, crisp, of a light green colour, more or less cut at the broadest part. A handsome variety, of vigorous growth.

FIG. 26. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS DAPHNITES.

A. C.-V. daphnites (glistening).* sti. and rachises dark brown, reaching a height of from 9in. to 14in. pinnæ and ultimate pinnules more or less confluent, the latter being broad, and of a dull green colour, usually forming a tufted crest at the extremities of the fronds. A charming subject for the Wardian case. Very distinct. See Fig. 26.

A. C.-V. fissum (divided). Very dwarf in habit, with pinnules rather broader than those of the type, which are deeply and variously cut, so as to give the plant a distinctive appearance from most of the forms.

A. C.-V. Footi (Foot's). Closely allied to the variety fissum, having fronds a foot or more long, with very ample pinnules deeply incised, light green. Vigorous.

A. C.-V. incisum (deeply cut). Very closely allied to A. C.-V. fissum, but rather more vigorous in growth; pinnules broad, and deeply slit into segments near the base.

A. C.-V. magnificum (magnificent).* fronds from 9in. to 16in. long, more or less elongated in outline, 3in. to 4in. across; pinnules ample, rich green, with the margins finely cut and imbricated. The arching character gives this form a most distinct appearance. A very fine variety.

A. C.-V. rotundum (rounded). Pinnules usually round, without the cuneiform base of the normal form; neither are the fronds so broad. Isle of Man. Variable in its habit.

A. C.-V. undulatum (wavy).* fronds dense, compact, having broad, roundish dark green pinnules, which are undulated at the edges. An elegant dwarf-growing form.

A. cardiochlæna (heart-form indusium). A synonym of A. polyphyllum.

A. caudatum (tailed).* sti. 2in. to 4in. long, tufted, wiry. fronds 6in. to 12in. long, simply pinnate, often elongated, and rooting at the extremity; pinnæ about ½in. long, ¼in. deep, dimidiate, nearly sessile, the lower line straight and horizontal, the upper rounded, more or less cut, the point usually blunt, the lower ones slightly stalked. sori roundish or transversely oblong on the edge of the lobes; rachis and both sides of the frond villose. A. ciliatum (of gardens) is probably a mere form, if not a synonym, of this species. Throughout the Tropics everywhere. Greenhouse or stove species; very fine for hanging baskets.

A. colpodes (deep hollow).* sti. 4in. to 6in. long, slender, slightly fibrillose. fronds 9in. to 18in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, deltoid, tripinnate, light green; lower pinnæ spreading at right angles from the rachis, 2in. to 4in. long, 1½in. broad, slightly branched below; ultimate segments about ½in. long, ¼in. broad, the lower line often straight, the upper rounded, lobed, and toothed, all nearly or quite sessile. sori placed in distinct teeth of the outer edge. Ecuador and Peru, 1875. Greenhouse species.

A. concinnum (neat).* sti. 4in. to 8in. long. fronds 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, ovate-deltoid, tripinnate; pinnæ numerous, spreading, flexuous, the lowest 4in. to 6in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; segments ¼in. to ⅜in. across, broadly cuneate at the base, the upper edge irregularly rounded, deeply lobed, the lobes crenate, the lowest segment of each pinna and pinnule large, sessile. sori numerous, ob-reniform. Tropical America. A most elegant species for baskets and the rockery.

A. c. Flemingi (Fleming's). This variety, of garden origin, is also very handsome.

A. c. latum (broad).* Differs from the type in being more erect and robust in habit, and broader in all its parts. It constitutes an excellent stove plant.

A. crenatum (crenated).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long. fronds with a terminal central pinna 6in. to 9in. long and several large erecto-patent lateral ones on each side, the lowest of which are branched again; segments about ½in. long, ¼in. deep, dimidiate, the lower line upcurved, the upper nearly straight, slightly crenate. sori numerous, round, placed on the upper and sometimes outer edge. This is closely allied to A. tetraphyllum. Mexico. Stove species. SYN. A. Wilesianum.

FIG. 27. ADIANTUM DECORUM.

A. cristatum (crested). sti. 6in. to 12in. long, strong, erect, tomentose. fronds 1½ft. to 3ft. long, 9in. to 12in. broad, with a terminal central pinna 6in. to 9in. long, 1in. to 1½in. broad, and numerous rather distant lateral ones on each side, the lowest of which are sometimes again branched; segments ½in. to ¾in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight, the upper nearly parallel or rounded, the point blunt. sori in several oblong or linear patches. West Indies and Venezuela, 1844. Stove species. SYN. A. Kunzeanum.

A. cubense (Cuba).* sti. 4in. to 8in. long, nearly black, erect. fronds 6in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad, simply pinnate, or with a single pair of short branches; pinnæ 1in. to 2in. long, and about ¾in. to 1in. broad, unilateral, the lower line slightly recurved, the upper rounded and broadly lobed, of a deep green colour, with a soft herbaceous texture. sori in hollows of the lobes. Cuba and Jamaica. A very distinct stove species.

A. cuneatum (wedge-shaped).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, slender, erect. fronds 9in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, deltoid, tri- or quadripinnate; lower pinnæ 4in. to 6in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; segments numerous, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, cuneate at the base, the upper edge deeply lobed. sori four to six, obversely reniform. Brazil, 1820. This fine greenhouse species is more generally grown than any other; and a number of garden forms have received distinctive names.

A. c. dissectum (dissected).* A pretty variety, with the pinnules more deeply lobed than in the type.

A. c. Lawsonianum (Lawson's). This is a very abnormal form, curiously and finely cut, with the ultimate segments narrowly cuneate at the base, stalked, and distant. Of garden origin. Greenhouse variety.

A. c. mundulum (neat).* sti. 3in. to 4in. high. fronds dwarf, tufted, erect, hardly 3in. broad, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnæ and pinnules crowded; pinnules narrowly cuneate, rarely three-parted, with narrow wedge-shaped lobes; apex slightly crenate, and bears a roundish sorus set in a notch of the lobe or crenature. Of garden origin, 1879. Greenhouse variety.

A. Cunninghami (Cunningham's). Synonymous with A. affine.

A. curvatum (curved).* sti. 6in. to 12in. long. fronds dichotomous, with main divisions again once or twice forked; pinnæ 8in. to 12in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; pinnules 1¼in. to 1½in. long, about ½in. deep, not truly dimidiate, but only the lower two-thirds of the under half cut away, the upper margin rounded and broadly lobed, with the lobes finely toothed and point often lengthened out. sori linear, or transversely oblong. Tropical America, 1841. Stove species.

A. decorum (decorous).* sti. 4in. to 6in. long. fronds sub-deltoid, 9in. to 15in. long, three to four pinnate; lower pinnæ and pinnules stalked, deltoid; side segments rhomboid, ¼in. to ⅜in. long; outer edge distinctly lobed; lower segments equilateral, imbricated over main rachis. sori round, in final lobes, four to six to a segment. This greenhouse species ranks midway between A. concinnum and A. cuneatum. Peru. SYN. A. Wagneri. See Fig. 27.

A. deltoideum (deltoid).* sti. densely tufted, 3in. to 4in. long, wiry, erect. fronds 4in. to 6in. long, ¾in. broad, with a terminal lobe and numerous sub-opposite pinnæ, the lower ones distant, distinctly stalked, ½in. long, ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, hastate-deltoid, cordate or cuneate at the base. sori in interrupted lines along the sides of the pinnæ. West Indian Islands. Stove species.

FIG. 28. ADIANTUM DIAPHANUM.

A. diaphanum (transparent).* sti. 4in. to 8in. long, slender, erect. fronds 6in. to 7in. long, simply pinnate, or with one to three branches at the base; pinnules ½in. long, ¼in. broad, the lower line rather decurved, the upper nearly parallel with it, crenate like the blunt outer edge. sori obversely reniform, numerous. S.E. China, New Zealand, &c. Greenhouse species. SYN. A. setulosum. See Fig. 28.

A. digitatum (finger-leaved).* sti. 12in. to 18in. long, erect. fronds 1ft. to 3ft. long, 6in. to 1ft. 6in. broad, furnished with numerous distant spreading or erecto-patent branches, gradually shortened upwards, the lowest of which are branched again; lower pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad; segments ¾in. to 1in. each way, varying from deflexed to cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded, deeply cut, and the lobes again less deeply cut, the lower ones distinctly stalked. sori in lines along the edge of the lobes. Peru. It is generally cultivated under the name of A. speciosum. Stove or greenhouse species.

A. dolabriforme (axe-shaped). Synonymous with A. lunulatum.

A. dolosum (deceiving). Synonymous with A. Wilsoni.

A. Edgworthii (Edgeworth's).* This differs from caudatum by having more membranous texture, glabrous surfaces, and sub-entire pinnæ. Himalaya and China.

A. emarginatum (notched at the end). Synonymous with A. æthiopicum.

A. excisum (bluntly cut).* sti. 2in. to 3in. long, wiry, densely tufted. fronds 6in. to 18in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad, with numerous flexuose short pinnæ on each side, the lowest of which are slightly branched again; segments two to three lines broad, cuneate at the base, the upper edge rounded and bluntly lobed. sori two to four, large, obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows on the lobes. Chili.

A. e. Leyi (Ley's).* This is a very dwarf, copiously crested form, of garden origin, most suitable for case culture. Greenhouse variety.

A. e. multifidum (much-cut).* A handsome garden variety; the apex of every frond is frequently divided into several branches, which oftentimes are again divided and crested, thus forming a beautiful tassel 2in. to 3in. long. Greenhouse species.

A. Feei (Fee's).* sti. 12in. to 18in. long, strong, scandent. fronds 1ft. to 2ft. long, 1ft. or more broad, tripinnate, the main and secondary rachises zigzag, all the branches firm and spreading at a right angle; lower pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 4in. broad; pinnules 1in. to 2in. long, ½in. broad, consisting of a terminal segment and several distant suborbicular-cuneate lateral ones. sori marginal, roundish, more than half line deep. Tropical America. Stove species. SYN. A. flexuosum.

A. flabellulatum (small fan-leaved).* sti. erect, strong. fronds dichotomously branched, and the divisions once or twice branched again; central pinnæ 4in. to 8in. long, ¾in. broad; pinnules about ¼in. broad and deep, dimidiate, the lower edge nearly straight, the upper rounded, the outer blunt, both entire or slightly toothed. sori in several transversely oblong notches. Tropical Asia. Stove species. SYN. A. amœnum.

A. flexuosum (zigzagly-bent). Synonymous with A. Feei.

A. formosum (beautiful).* sti. 12in. to 18in. long, strong, erect. fronds 18in. to 24in. long, 12in. to 18in. broad, bi-, tri-, or quadripinnate; lower pinnæ 12in. to 15in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, deltoid; pinnules deltoid; ultimate segments ¼in. to ⅜in. broad, one and a half to two lines deep, dimidiate, the lower edge straight, the upper and outer rather rounded and deeply lobed, the lower ones distinctly stalked. sori numerous, between obreniform and transversely oblong. Australia, 1820. Greenhouse species.

A. fovearum. Synonymous with A. intermedium.

A. fulvum (tawny).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, strong, erect. fronds 9in. to 12in. long, 6in. to 8in. broad, deltoid in general outline, with a terminal pinna 4in. to 6in. long, about 1½in. broad, and several erecto-patent branches, the lower of which are branched again; pinnules about ¾in. long, ¼in. deep, dimidiate, the lower edge nearly straight, the upper almost parallel, sharply toothed like the oblique outer edge. sori large, numerous. New Zealand. Greenhouse species.

A. Ghiesbreghti (Ghiesbreght's).* fronds 18in. to 30in. long, ovate, deltoid, tripinnate; pinnules large, slightly crenate on the margins. A very fine stove fern, with the habit of A. tenerum Farleyense, but less dense. It is undoubtedly a variety of tenerum, having originated in Mr. Williams's nursery some years since. SYN. A. scutum.

A. glaucophyllum (grey-leaved).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, erect. fronds 12in. to 24in. long, 9in. to 15in. broad, deltoid, quadripinnate; lower pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, 3in. to 6in. broad, deltoid, erecto-patent; segments ¼in. broad, cuneate at the base, the upper edge irregularly rounded, more or less lobed. sori four to six, obversely reniform, placed in distinct hollows in the apex of the lobes of the upper edge, deep green above, glaucous beneath. Closely allied to A. cuneatum. Mexico. Greenhouse. SYNS. A. amabile, A. andicolum, A. mexicanum.

A. gracillimum (most graceful).* fronds deltoidly ovate, 9in. to 24in. long, and 6in. to 10in. across, decompound, rich green; ultimate pinnules distant, minute, distinctly stalked, obovate, emarginate, or two to three lobed, the sterile lobes blunt. sori solitary on the entire pinnules, two to three on the larger lobed ones. One of the most graceful and beautiful of greenhouse ferns; the very numerous minute segments and the ramifications of the rachis impart to a well grown plant a very charming appearance. Of garden origin. A form of A. cuneatum.

A. Henslovianum (Henslow's).* sti. 6in. to 12in. long, erect. fronds 12in. to 18in. long, 6in. to 9in. broad, ovate, tripinnate, furnished with numerous distant pinnæ on each side, the upper of which are simple, but the lowest slightly branched; segments ½in. to ¾in. broad, ¼in. to ⅜in. deep, dimidiate, the lower line nearly straight, the upper rather rounded and lobed, the point bluntly rounded. sori obversely reniform, placed in the hollows of the lobes. Columbia, Peru, &c., 1833. A most distinct and beautiful stove species. SYNS. A. lætum, A. Reichenbachii, A. sessilifolium.

A. Hewardia (Heward's). sti. 6in. to 9in. long, erect. fronds simply pinnate or bipinnate, with a terminal pinna and two to four lateral ones on each side, the lowest pair of which sometimes with two to four pinnules each; pinnules 3in. to 4in. long, about 1in. broad, nearly equal sided, ovate lanceolate, nearly entire. sori in continuous lines along both edges. Jamaica, &c., occurring over a wide area. Stove species. SYN. Hewardia adiantoides.

A. hispidulum (hairyish).* sti. 6in. to 15in. long, strong, erect. fronds dichotomous, with the main divisions flabellately branched; central pinnæ 6in. to 9in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad; pinnules ⅜in. to ¾in. long, two to four lines broad, dimidiate, subrhomboidal, the outer edge bluntly rounded, upper and outer margin finely toothed, slightly stalked. sori roundish, numerous, contiguous. Tropics of Old World, 1822. Greenhouse. SYN. A. pubescens.

A. intermedium (intermediate). sti. 6in. to 12in. long, erect, strong. fronds with a terminal pinna 6in. to 9in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, and one to three small spreading lateral ones on each side; pinnules 1in. to 1½in. long; ¼in. to ½in. broad, unequal sided, but not dimidiate, the point bluntish or acute, the inner edge nearly parallel with the stem, the upper nearly straight, scarcely toothed. sori in interrupted marginal patches, one to two lines across, placed round the upper and lower edges. Stove. Tropical America, from the Antilles southwards to Peru and Rio Janeiro, 1824. SYNS. A. fovearum, A. triangulatum.

A. Kunzeanum (Kunze's). Synonymous with A. cristatum.

A. lætum (joyful). Synonymous with A. Henslovianum.

A. Lathomi (Lathom's).* A garden variety, said to be a sport from A. Ghiesbreghti, which it closely resembles, being between it and A. Farleyense. It is a magnificent plant, producing fronds from 18in. to 24in. long, with imbricated deeply-cut pinnules. Stove variety.

A. Legrandi (Legrand's). Very closely allied to, if not identical with, A. Pecottei. Greenhouse variety, of garden origin.

A. Lindeni (Linden's).* sti. black, naked. fronds erect, large, pentagonal, tripinnate; rachises pubescent above, naked beneath; segments sub-distant, 1½in. long, oblong-rhomboidal, falcate, acuminate, outer margins closely but bluntly lobed, of a deep green colour, the lobes toothed. sori oblong or reniform. Amazons, 1866. A magnificent stove species.

A. lucidum (shiny).* sti. 6in. to 9in. long, strong, erect. fronds 9in. to 15in. long, 4in. to 8in. broad, simply pinnate, with a large terminal pinna and six to ten lateral ones on each side, or the lowest very slightly branched, 3in. to 4in. long, ½in. to 1in. broad, nearly equal sided, lanceolate acuminate, slightly serrated towards the point. sori in a continuous row along each side. West Indian Islands and Tropical America. Stove species.