Читать книгу The Circle of Knowledge: A Classified, Simplified, Visualized Book of Answers - Various - Страница 96

In size they vary from mere mounds a few yards in diameter, such as the salses or mud-volcanoes near the Caspian, to Etna, 9,652 feet high, with a base thirty miles in diameter; Cotopaxi, in the Andes, 18,880 feet high; or Mauna Loa, in the Sandwich Isles, 13,600 feet high, with a base seventy miles in diameter and two craters, one of which, Kilauea, is the largest active crater in our earth, being seven miles in circuit.

Two great terrestrial zones include nearly all the known volcanoes of the globe, arranged in long bands or series, or in isolated groups.

First Zone. This includes the vast array of mountain chains, peninsulas, and bands of islands which encircle the Pacific Ocean with a belt of burning mountains. Within it occur, in the New World: (1) the Andes mountains, with three of the most remarkable series of volcanoes—those of Chili, Bolivia, and Ecuador—separated by hundreds of miles; (2) the volcanic group of Central America; (3) the series of Mexico; (4) the series of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains; (5) the group of Alaska; and (6) the long series of the Aleutian Islands.

In the Old World are: (1) the series of Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands; (2) the group of Japan; (3) the series south of Japan, including Formosa, the Philippine and the Molucca Islands; and (4) the Australian series, including New Guinea, New Britain, New Hebrides, and New Zealand. In this vast zone there are not less than four hundred volcanoes, one hundred and seventy of which are still active.

Second Zone. This contains the belt of broken lands and inland seas, which extending round the globe, separates the northern from the southern continents, and intersects the first zone, in the equatorial regions, nearly at right angles.

In it are: (1) the volcanic regions of Central America and Mexico, and the series of the Lesser Antilles; (2) the groups of the Azores and Canary islands (3) the Mediterranean islands and peninsulas, including all the active volcanoes of Europe; (4) Asia Minor with numerous extinct volcanoes; (5) the shores of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, and the two Indias, rich in traces of volcanic action; (6) the East Indian Archipelago with hundreds of burning mountains; and (7) the Friendly Islands and other volcanic groups of the central Pacific.

In this zone there are no less than one hundred and sixty volcanoes, so that the two volcanic zones together contain five hundred and sixty, or five-sixths of all known.

Isolated Volcanoes. The volcanoes not included in these two great zones are isolated, in the midst of the oceans, or in the broken polar lands. The most noted are the Hawaiian Island group, in the Pacific; Bourbon and Mauritius, in the Indian Ocean; Cape Verde Islands, Ascension, St. Helena, and Tristan da Cunha, in the Atlantic; Iceland and Jan Mayen, in the Arctic Ocean; and Erebus and Terror, in Antarctic.

MOST NOTED VOLCANOES

Name	Location	Height (feet)
Altar	Ecuador	17,710
Antisana	Ecuador	19,335
Asosan	Japan	5,630
Cayambi	Ecuador	19,255
Chimborazo	Ecuador	21,424
Copiapo	Chile	19,700
Cotocachi	Ecuador	16,300
Cotopaxi	Ecuador	18,880
Demavend	Persia	18,500
Etna	Sicily	9,652
Fujiyama	Japan	12,390
Hecla	Iceland	5,110
Hood, Mt.	Oregon	11,225
Iztaccihuati	Mexico	16,076
Kirishima-yama	Japan	5,530
Llullaillac	Chile	21,000
Maipo	Chile	17,670
Mauna Kea	Hawaii	13,953
Mauna Loa	Hawaii	13,600
Misti	Peru	20,015
Nevado de Colima	Mexico	14,210
Orizaba	Mexico	18,310
Pelée	Martinique, W. I.	4,300
Pichincha	Ecuador	15,918
Pico, Peak of	Azores	7,013
Popocatepetl	Mexico	17,748
Ruiz	Colombia	17,388
Sahama	Peru	23,000
Sangai	Ecuador	17,459
San Jose	Chile	20,020
St. Elias, Mt.	Alaska	18,024
St. Helena, Mt.	United States	10,000
Stromboli	Lipari Islands	3,090
Tahiti, Peak of	Friendly Islands	7,400
Teneriffe	Canary Islands	12,000
Tolima	Columbia	18,069
Toluco	Mexico	14,950
Tunguragua	Ecuador	16,690
Vesuvius	Italy	4,260