Читать книгу Sociology of the Arts - Victoria D. Alexander - Страница 56

1 In the film Bowling for Columbine (2002), Michael Moore calls into question the influence of Manson’s music. As the title of the film suggests, the shooters also liked to go bowling. This activity may have had as much an effect as listening to metal music, but no one thinks to blame bowling, as that sounds preposterous. See also Cohen (1972) on moral panics and Gunter (2008) on explaining “copy‐cat” events.

2 See Valkenburg, Peter, and Walther (2016) and Piotrowski and Valkenburg (2015) on indirect and selective media effects. Ferguson and Savage (2012) argue that wave‐to‐wave longitudinal designs do not solve the causality problem, because personality traits associated with preference for violence are stable over time, so are already confounded before the first wave of the study.