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BOOK X

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Our Old Feuillage

Table of Contents

Always our old feuillage!

Always Florida’s green peninsula — always the priceless delta of

Louisiana — always the cotton-fields of Alabama and Texas,

Always California’s golden hills and hollows, and the silver

mountains of New Mexico — always soft-breath’d Cuba,

Always the vast slope drain’d by the Southern sea, inseparable with

the slopes drain’d by the Eastern and Western seas,

The area the eighty-third year of these States, the three and a half

millions of square miles,

The eighteen thousand miles of sea-coast and bay-coast on the main,

the thirty thousand miles of river navigation,

The seven millions of distinct families and the same number of dwellings —

always these, and more, branching forth into numberless branches,

Always the free range and diversity — always the continent of Democracy;

Always the prairies, pastures, forests, vast cities, travelers,

Kanada, the snows;

Always these compact lands tied at the hips with the belt stringing

the huge oval lakes;

Always the West with strong native persons, the increasing density there,

the habitans, friendly, threatening, ironical, scorning invaders;

All sights, South, North, East — all deeds, promiscuously done at all times,

All characters, movements, growths, a few noticed, myriads unnoticed,

Through Mannahatta’s streets I walking, these things gathering,

On interior rivers by night in the glare of pine knots, steamboats

wooding up,

Sunlight by day on the valley of the Susquehanna, and on the valleys

of the Potomac and Rappahannock, and the valleys of the Roanoke

and Delaware,

In their northerly wilds beasts of prey haunting the Adirondacks the

hills, or lapping the Saginaw waters to drink,

In a lonesome inlet a sheldrake lost from the flock, sitting on the

water rocking silently,

In farmers’ barns oxen in the stable, their harvest labor done, they

rest standing, they are too tired,

Afar on arctic ice the she-walrus lying drowsily while her cubs play around,

The hawk sailing where men have not yet sail’d, the farthest polar

sea, ripply, crystalline, open, beyond the floes,

White drift spooning ahead where the ship in the tempest dashes,

On solid land what is done in cities as the bells strike midnight together,

In primitive woods the sounds there also sounding, the howl of the

wolf, the scream of the panther, and the hoarse bellow of the elk,

In winter beneath the hard blue ice of Moosehead lake, in summer

visible through the clear waters, the great trout swimming,

In lower latitudes in warmer air in the Carolinas the large black

buzzard floating slowly high beyond the tree tops,

Below, the red cedar festoon’d with tylandria, the pines and

cypresses growing out of the white sand that spreads far and flat,

Rude boats descending the big Pedee, climbing plants, parasites with

color’d flowers and berries enveloping huge trees,

The waving drapery on the live-oak trailing long and low,

noiselessly waved by the wind,

The camp of Georgia wagoners just after dark, the supper-fires and

the cooking and eating by whites and negroes,

Thirty or forty great wagons, the mules, cattle, horses, feeding

from troughs,

The shadows, gleams, up under the leaves of the old sycamore-trees,

the flames with the black smoke from the pitch-pine curling and rising;

Southern fishermen fishing, the sounds and inlets of North

Carolina’s coast, the shad-fishery and the herring-fishery, the

large sweep-seines, the windlasses on shore work’d by horses, the

clearing, curing, and packing-houses;

Deep in the forest in piney woods turpentine dropping from the

incisions in the trees, there are the turpentine works,

There are the negroes at work in good health, the ground in all

directions is cover’d with pine straw;

In Tennessee and Kentucky slaves busy in the coalings, at the forge,

by the furnace-blaze, or at the corn-shucking,

In Virginia, the planter’s son returning after a long absence,

joyfully welcom’d and kiss’d by the aged mulatto nurse,

On rivers boatmen safely moor’d at nightfall in their boats under

shelter of high banks,

Some of the younger men dance to the sound of the banjo or fiddle,

others sit on the gunwale smoking and talking;

Late in the afternoon the mocking-bird, the American mimic, singing

in the Great Dismal Swamp,

There are the greenish waters, the resinous odor, the plenteous

moss, the cypress-tree, and the juniper-tree;

Northward, young men of Mannahatta, the target company from an

excursion returning home at evening, the musket-muzzles all

bear bunches of flowers presented by women;

Children at play, or on his father’s lap a young boy fallen asleep,

(how his lips move! how he smiles in his sleep!)

The scout riding on horseback over the plains west of the

Mississippi, he ascends a knoll and sweeps his eyes around;

California life, the miner, bearded, dress’d in his rude costume,

the stanch California friendship, the sweet air, the graves one

in passing meets solitary just aside the horse-path;

Down in Texas the cotton-field, the negro-cabins, drivers driving

mules or oxen before rude carts, cotton bales piled on banks

and wharves;

Encircling all, vast-darting up and wide, the American Soul, with

equal hemispheres, one Love, one Dilation or Pride;

In arriere the peace-talk with the Iroquois the aborigines, the

calumet, the pipe of good-will, arbitration, and indorsement,

The sachem blowing the smoke first toward the sun and then toward

the earth,

The drama of the scalp-dance enacted with painted faces and guttural

exclamations,

The setting out of the war-party, the long and stealthy march,

The single file, the swinging hatchets, the surprise and slaughter

of enemies;

All the acts, scenes, ways, persons, attitudes of these States,

reminiscences, institutions,

All these States compact, every square mile of these States without

excepting a particle;

Me pleas’d, rambling in lanes and country fields, Paumanok’s fields,

Observing the spiral flight of two little yellow butterflies

shuffling between each other, ascending high in the air,

The darting swallow, the destroyer of insects, the fall traveler

southward but returning northward early in the spring,

The country boy at the close of the day driving the herd of cows and

shouting to them as they loiter to browse by the roadside,

The city wharf, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston, New

Orleans, San Francisco,

The departing ships when the sailors heave at the capstan;

Evening — me in my room — the setting sun,

The setting summer sun shining in my open window, showing the

swarm of flies, suspended, balancing in the air in the centre

of the room, darting athwart, up and down, casting swift

shadows in specks on the opposite wall where the shine is;

The athletic American matron speaking in public to crowds of listeners,

Males, females, immigrants, combinations, the copiousness, the

individuality of the States, each for itself — the moneymakers,

Factories, machinery, the mechanical forces, the windlass, lever,

pulley, all certainties,

The certainty of space, increase, freedom, futurity,

In space the sporades, the scatter’d islands, the stars — on the firm

earth, the lands, my lands,

O lands! all so dear to me — what you are, (whatever it is,) I putting it

at random in these songs, become a part of that, whatever it is,

Southward there, I screaming, with wings slow flapping, with the

myriads of gulls wintering along the coasts of Florida,

Otherways there atwixt the banks of the Arkansaw, the Rio Grande,

the Nueces, the Brazos, the Tombigbee, the Red River, the

Saskatchawan or the Osage, I with the spring waters laughing

and skipping and running,

Northward, on the sands, on some shallow bay of Paumanok, I with

parties of snowy herons wading in the wet to seek worms and

aquatic plants,

Retreating, triumphantly twittering, the king-bird, from piercing

the crow with its bill, for amusement — and I triumphantly twittering,

The migrating flock of wild geese alighting in autumn to refresh

themselves, the body of the flock feed, the sentinels outside

move around with erect heads watching, and are from time to time

reliev’d by other sentinels — and I feeding and taking turns

with the rest,

In Kanadian forests the moose, large as an ox, corner’d by hunters,

rising desperately on his hind-feet, and plunging with his

fore-feet, the hoofs as sharp as knives — and I, plunging at the

hunters, corner’d and desperate,

In the Mannahatta, streets, piers, shipping, store-houses, and the

countless workmen working in the shops,

And I too of the Mannahatta, singing thereof — and no less in myself

than the whole of the Mannahatta in itself,

Singing the song of These, my ever-united lands — my body no more

inevitably united, part to part, and made out of a thousand

diverse contributions one identity, any more than my lands

are inevitably united and made ONE IDENTITY;

Nativities, climates, the grass of the great pastoral Plains,

Cities, labors, death, animals, products, war, good and evil — these me,

These affording, in all their particulars, the old feuillage to me

and to America, how can I do less than pass the clew of the union

of them, to afford the like to you?

Whoever you are! how can I but offer you divine leaves, that you

also be eligible as I am?

How can I but as here chanting, invite you for yourself to collect

bouquets of the incomparable feuillage of these States?