Читать книгу Bali Chronicles - Willard A. Hanna - Страница 6
ОглавлениеContents
Foreword Contemporary Balinese Dilemma
Chapter 1 The Dewa Agung and the Radjas (Pre-1800)
Island Setting and Cultural Background
Hinduization and Javanese Influences
Modjapahit Conquest and Early Rulers
Dewa Agung as Emperor and Symbol
Emergence and Divergence of Eight Radjadoms
Decline of Dewa Agung’s Authority
Chapter 2 Western Intruders (Pre-1800)
Early Portuguese and Other European Visitors
Houtman Expedition of 1597; Shore Party in Kuta and Gelgel
Audience with Dewa Agung and Lesson in Geography
Entertainment by Kijloer; Interview with Portuguese Merchant
Desertion of Roodenburg, Claaszoon, and Jan the Portuguese
Heemskerck Expedition of 1601; Roodenburg as Interpreter; Dewa Agung’s Letter to Prince Maurits
V.O.C. Factory and Free Burghers from Batavia
Trade in Slaves and Opium; Missions of Oosterwijk and Bacharach
Balinese Community in Batavia; Senopati; Balinese–Javanese Wars
Chapter 3 Recruitment, Trade, and Travel (1800–1830)
Distant Effects of Napoleonic Wars
Daendels’ Design for Recruitment; van der Wahl’s Visit
English Occupation; Raffles and Crawfurd
Dutch Demarchees of 1817, 1824, 1826; Kuta Post
Visit of Dr. Medhurst and His Report
Royal Family of Buleleng; Its Blood Feuds
Chapter 4 Monopoly and Sovereignty, Plunder, and Salvage (1830–1843)
Dutch Alarm Regarding Western Interlopers
John Burd and Mads Lange in Lombok
Pak Djembrok’s Espionage Report
Dutch Policy of Economic-Political Penetration
Granpré Molière’s Mission and Company Trade
Schuurman, the Rhinoceros, and the N.H.M. Factory
Huskus Koopman, the Contract-Maker
Impasse of 1840; Treaties of 1841; Afterthoughts of 1842
Shipwreck and Plunder of the Overijssel; Kuta Scene
More Complications; More Treaties
Chapter 5 Balinese and Europeans in Turbulent Lombok (1824–1843)
Balinese Conquest and Rule of Lombok
Hostile Radjas and Rival Merchants
Wars of 1838; Tjokorda’s Defeat; Lange’s Decline
Wars of 1839; Fall of the House of Karangasem
George Peacock King and the New Dynasty
Dutch Investigations; Huskus Koopman’s Contracts
Princes of Lombok in Power in Bali
Chapter 6 Punitive Expeditions (1846–1849)
Northern Princes’ Defiance of the Dutch; Gusti Ktut Djilantik
First Dutch Military Expedition (1846); Success and Stalemate
Lange’s Intermediation and the Peace Settlement
Second Expedition (1848); Dutch Débacle at Djagaraga
Third Expedition (1849); Theatrics of Conciliation
Djagaraga Defense and Dutch Seizure
Transfer of Operations to the South; Lombok Intervention
Victories, Disasters, and Reversals
Peace Conference and Celebration
Chapter 7 Saga of a Danish Trader (1834–1856)
Arrival in Lombok of Mads Lange and His Brothers
Lange as Sjahbandar and Merchant in Ampenan
Kuta Factory and Kuta Town in 1839
Radja Kasiman and the Badung Dynasty
Kuta Factory as Home and Trading Post
Riches from Rice, Gambier, Kopeng, and Ships Servicing
N.H.M. Competition and Concession of Defeat
Lange’s Political Role; His Later Years and Death
Subsequent Fortunes of Factory and Family
Chapter 8 Evolution of the Colonial Empire (1849–1900)
Resident and Controleurs; Regent and Punggawa
Patterns of Dutch Rule and Its Extension
Western Studies of Balinese Institutions
Njoman Gempol Insurrection; Fourth Military Expedition (1858)
Ida Mahe Rai Insurrection; Fifth Military Expedition (1868)
Bloemen Waanders as Controleur and Observer
Dutch Policy on Slavery, Opium, Land; Residency Finances
Christian Missions; Vroom–Nicodemus Tragedy
Chapter 9 Disintegration of the Dewa Agung’s Empire (1832–1908)
Patterns of Conflict among States of the South
Emergence of Gianjar; Quarrels with Its Neighbors
War on Pajangan (1843); Gianjar Provocation
Feud with Klungkung; Seizure of Gianjar Royal Family
Dewa Gde Raka and Gianjar’s Revival; Regency Status (1900)
Controleur Schwarz and Modern Progress; Sri Kumala Incident (1904)
Sixth Military Expedition (1906); Puputan in Den Pasar
Wesatia (1904) and Suicide (1906) of Tabanan Royalty
Seventh Military Expedition (1908); Puputan in Klungkung
Chapter 10 Tragedy in Lombok (1891–1894)
Origin in Bali and Lombok of Sassak Insurrections
Gusti Gde Djilantik; His Career in Bali and Lombok
Royal Family of Lombok; the Radja; Gusti Made; Gusti Ktut
Sassak Petitions; Radja’s Appeal to the Dutch and the English
Ultimatum and Military Expedition of 1894
“Treachery” of August 25–27; Puputan at Mataram and Sasari
Fate of the Radja, Lombok, and Gusti Djilantik
Chapter 11 Turn of Century Tour (1902)
Kol’s Grand Tour and His Published Account
Reception in Karangasem; Impressions of Radja Djilantik
Rigors and Pleasures of Travel; Roads and Accommodations
Visit to Gianjar; Controleur Schwarz at Work
Dewa Agung’s Arrogance; Resident’s Protests
Imports and Exports; Receipts and Expenditures
Admonitions and Predictions
Chapter 12 Ethical Interlude (1908–1930)
Reexamination and Reformulation of Colonial Policy
Traditional Ruler as Radja and Regent; Role of Controleur
European and Chinese Business Interests
Usury; Corvée; Taxes; Land; Production; Exports
Opium and the Monopoly; Education and Medicine
Balance of Benefits and Burdens; Kerta Courts
Chapter 13 Euphoria and Trauma (1930–1955)
Recurrent Problems of Christian Missions and Converts
Cultural Conservationism and Continuity
Tourism and Tourist Agents; Artists, Writers, Expatriates
Life in the 1930s; Japanese Occupation
Return of the Dutch; Nationalist Revolution
Bali as Member of Federal System and New Republic
Chapter 14 Decade of Disaster (1955–1965)
Nationalists, Communists, and the Later Sukarno Years
Politics in Culture and Land Reform
Economic Manipulation; Rice Supply
Sukarno’s Visitations and Affronts
Premonitions of Evil; Plague of Rats
Eka Dasa Rudra Celebration and Eruption of Mt. Agung
GESTAPU Coup and 100,000 Killings
Chapter 15 Royalty Updated (1856–1976)
Five Generations of Gianjar Royalty
Dewa Manggis VII; His Conflicts with His Peers
Dewa Manggis VIII and Controleur Schwarz
Radja Ngurah Agung as Feudal Relic and Man of Vision
Anak Agung Gde Agung as Western Educated Heir
Federalist Leader; Participant in Round Table Conference
Foreign Minister; Negotiator of Irian Barat Dispute
Political Prisoner of Sukarno; Ambassador and Author
Four Sons as Students Overseas and Young Professionals
Elements of Balinese Hindu Beliefs
Reverence for Custom and Ceremony
Search for Harmony and Self-Fulfillment
Characteristic Features of Temples and Dance Dramas
Demons and Monsters; Rangda the Witch; Barong the Lion
Leyak and Other Mischievous or Malign Spirits
Calendars; Horoscopes; Cremations
Great Festivals of Nyepi and Galungan–Kuninggan
Vulnerability and Durability of Balinese Culture