Читать книгу Bali Chronicles - Willard A. Hanna - Страница 6

Contents

Introduction

Foreword Contemporary Balinese Dilemma

Chapter 1 The Dewa Agung and the Radjas (Pre-1800)

Island Setting and Cultural Background

Hinduization and Javanese Influences

Modjapahit Conquest and Early Rulers

Dewa Agung as Emperor and Symbol

Emergence and Divergence of Eight Radjadoms

Decline of Dewa Agung’s Authority

Chapter 2 Western Intruders (Pre-1800)

Early Portuguese and Other European Visitors

Houtman Expedition of 1597; Shore Party in Kuta and Gelgel

Audience with Dewa Agung and Lesson in Geography

Entertainment by Kijloer; Interview with Portuguese Merchant

Desertion of Roodenburg, Claaszoon, and Jan the Portuguese

Heemskerck Expedition of 1601; Roodenburg as Interpreter; Dewa Agung’s Letter to Prince Maurits

V.O.C. Factory and Free Burghers from Batavia

Trade in Slaves and Opium; Missions of Oosterwijk and Bacharach

Balinese Community in Batavia; Senopati; Balinese–Javanese Wars

Chapter 3 Recruitment, Trade, and Travel (1800–1830)

Distant Effects of Napoleonic Wars

Daendels’ Design for Recruitment; van der Wahl’s Visit

English Occupation; Raffles and Crawfurd

Dutch Demarchees of 1817, 1824, 1826; Kuta Post

Visit of Dr. Medhurst and His Report

Royal Family of Buleleng; Its Blood Feuds

Chapter 4 Monopoly and Sovereignty, Plunder, and Salvage (1830–1843)

Dutch Alarm Regarding Western Interlopers

John Burd and Mads Lange in Lombok

Pak Djembrok’s Espionage Report

Dutch Policy of Economic-Political Penetration

Granpré Molière’s Mission and Company Trade

Schuurman, the Rhinoceros, and the N.H.M. Factory

Huskus Koopman, the Contract-Maker

Impasse of 1840; Treaties of 1841; Afterthoughts of 1842

Shipwreck and Plunder of the Overijssel; Kuta Scene

More Complications; More Treaties

Chapter 5 Balinese and Europeans in Turbulent Lombok (1824–1843)

Balinese Conquest and Rule of Lombok

Hostile Radjas and Rival Merchants

Wars of 1838; Tjokorda’s Defeat; Lange’s Decline

Wars of 1839; Fall of the House of Karangasem

George Peacock King and the New Dynasty

Dutch Investigations; Huskus Koopman’s Contracts

Princes of Lombok in Power in Bali

Chapter 6 Punitive Expeditions (1846–1849)

Northern Princes’ Defiance of the Dutch; Gusti Ktut Djilantik

First Dutch Military Expedition (1846); Success and Stalemate

Lange’s Intermediation and the Peace Settlement

Second Expedition (1848); Dutch Débacle at Djagaraga

Third Expedition (1849); Theatrics of Conciliation

Djagaraga Defense and Dutch Seizure

Transfer of Operations to the South; Lombok Intervention

Victories, Disasters, and Reversals

Peace Conference and Celebration

Chapter 7 Saga of a Danish Trader (1834–1856)

Arrival in Lombok of Mads Lange and His Brothers

Lange as Sjahbandar and Merchant in Ampenan

Kuta Factory and Kuta Town in 1839

Radja Kasiman and the Badung Dynasty

Kuta Factory as Home and Trading Post

Riches from Rice, Gambier, Kopeng, and Ships Servicing

N.H.M. Competition and Concession of Defeat

Lange’s Political Role; His Later Years and Death

Subsequent Fortunes of Factory and Family

Chapter 8 Evolution of the Colonial Empire (1849–1900)

Resident and Controleurs; Regent and Punggawa

Patterns of Dutch Rule and Its Extension

Western Studies of Balinese Institutions

Njoman Gempol Insurrection; Fourth Military Expedition (1858)

Ida Mahe Rai Insurrection; Fifth Military Expedition (1868)

Bloemen Waanders as Controleur and Observer

Dutch Policy on Slavery, Opium, Land; Residency Finances

Christian Missions; Vroom–Nicodemus Tragedy

Chapter 9 Disintegration of the Dewa Agung’s Empire (1832–1908)

Patterns of Conflict among States of the South

Emergence of Gianjar; Quarrels with Its Neighbors

War on Pajangan (1843); Gianjar Provocation

Feud with Klungkung; Seizure of Gianjar Royal Family

Dewa Gde Raka and Gianjar’s Revival; Regency Status (1900)

Controleur Schwarz and Modern Progress; Sri Kumala Incident (1904)

Sixth Military Expedition (1906); Puputan in Den Pasar

Wesatia (1904) and Suicide (1906) of Tabanan Royalty

Seventh Military Expedition (1908); Puputan in Klungkung

Chapter 10 Tragedy in Lombok (1891–1894)

Origin in Bali and Lombok of Sassak Insurrections

Gusti Gde Djilantik; His Career in Bali and Lombok

Royal Family of Lombok; the Radja; Gusti Made; Gusti Ktut

Sassak Petitions; Radja’s Appeal to the Dutch and the English

Ultimatum and Military Expedition of 1894

“Treachery” of August 25–27; Puputan at Mataram and Sasari

Fate of the Radja, Lombok, and Gusti Djilantik

Chapter 11 Turn of Century Tour (1902)

Kol’s Grand Tour and His Published Account

Reception in Karangasem; Impressions of Radja Djilantik

Rigors and Pleasures of Travel; Roads and Accommodations

Visit to Gianjar; Controleur Schwarz at Work

Dewa Agung’s Arrogance; Resident’s Protests

Imports and Exports; Receipts and Expenditures

Admonitions and Predictions

Chapter 12 Ethical Interlude (1908–1930)

Reexamination and Reformulation of Colonial Policy

Traditional Ruler as Radja and Regent; Role of Controleur

European and Chinese Business Interests

Usury; Corvée; Taxes; Land; Production; Exports

Opium and the Monopoly; Education and Medicine

Balance of Benefits and Burdens; Kerta Courts

Chapter 13 Euphoria and Trauma (1930–1955)

Recurrent Problems of Christian Missions and Converts

Cultural Conservationism and Continuity

Tourism and Tourist Agents; Artists, Writers, Expatriates

Life in the 1930s; Japanese Occupation

Return of the Dutch; Nationalist Revolution

Bali as Member of Federal System and New Republic

Chapter 14 Decade of Disaster (1955–1965)

Nationalists, Communists, and the Later Sukarno Years

Politics in Culture and Land Reform

Economic Manipulation; Rice Supply

Sukarno’s Visitations and Affronts

Premonitions of Evil; Plague of Rats

Eka Dasa Rudra Celebration and Eruption of Mt. Agung

GESTAPU Coup and 100,000 Killings

Chapter 15 Royalty Updated (1856–1976)

Five Generations of Gianjar Royalty

Dewa Manggis VII; His Conflicts with His Peers

Dewa Manggis VIII and Controleur Schwarz

Radja Ngurah Agung as Feudal Relic and Man of Vision

Anak Agung Gde Agung as Western Educated Heir

Federalist Leader; Participant in Round Table Conference

Foreign Minister; Negotiator of Irian Barat Dispute

Political Prisoner of Sukarno; Ambassador and Author

Four Sons as Students Overseas and Young Professionals

Chapter 16 Basics of Balinism

Elements of Balinese Hindu Beliefs

Reverence for Custom and Ceremony

Search for Harmony and Self-Fulfillment

Characteristic Features of Temples and Dance Dramas

Demons and Monsters; Rangda the Witch; Barong the Lion

Leyak and Other Mischievous or Malign Spirits

Calendars; Horoscopes; Cremations

Great Festivals of Nyepi and Galungan–Kuninggan

Vulnerability and Durability of Balinese Culture

Bibliography