Читать книгу New Daily Study Bible: The Gospel of John vol. 2 - William Barclay - Страница 34

THE SHEPHERD AND HIS SHEEP

John 10:1–6

Jesus said: ‘This is the truth I tell you – he who does not enter the sheepfold through the door, but climbs in some other way, is a thief and a robber. But he who comes in through the door is the shepherd of the sheep. The keeper of the door opens the door to him; and the sheep hear his voice; and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out. Whenever he puts his own sheep out, he walks in front of them; and the sheep follow him, because they know his voice. But they will not follow a stranger, but they will run away from him, because they do not know the voice of strangers.’ Jesus spoke this parable to them, but they did not know what he was saying to them.

THERE is no better-loved picture of Jesus than the good shepherd. The picture of the shepherd is woven into the language and imagery of the Bible. It could not be otherwise. The main part of Judaea was a central plateau, stretching from Bethel to Hebron for a distance of about thirty-five miles and varying from fourteen to seventeen miles across. The ground, for the most part, was rough and stony. Judaea was much more a pastoral than an agricultural country, and it was, therefore, inevitable that the most familiar figure of the Judaean uplands was the shepherd.

His life was very hard. No flock ever grazed without a shepherd, and he was never off duty. There being little grass, the sheep were bound to wander; and since there were no protecting walls, the sheep had constantly to be watched. On either side of the narrow plateau, the ground dipped sharply down to the craggy deserts, and the sheep were always liable to stray away and get lost. The shepherd’s task was not only constant but also dangerous, for, in addition, he had to guard the flock against wild animals, especially against wolves, and there were always thieves and robbers ready to steal the sheep. George Adam Smith, an Old Testament scholar who travelled in Palestine, writes: ‘On some high moor across which at night the hyaenas howl, when you meet him, sleepless, farsighted, weather-beaten, armed, leaning on his staff and looking out over his scattered sheep, every one of them on his heart, you understand why the shepherd of Judaea sprang to the front in his people’s history; why they gave his name to the king and made him the symbol of providence; why Christ took him as the type of self-sacrifice.’ Constant vigilance, fearless courage and patient love for his flock were the necessary characteristics of the shepherd.

In the Old Testament, God is often pictured as the shepherd, and the people as his flock. ‘The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want’ (Psalm 23:1). ‘You led your people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron’ (Psalm 77:20). ‘We your people, the flock of your pasture, will give thanks to you for ever’ (Psalm 79:13). ‘Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, you who lead Joseph like a flock’ (Psalm 80:1). ‘For he is our God, and we are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand’ (Psalm 95:7). ‘We are his people, and the sheep of his pasture’ (Psalm 100:3). God’s Anointed One, the Messiah, is also pictured as the shepherd of the sheep. ‘He will feed his flock like a shepherd; he will gather the lambs in his arms, and carry them in his bosom, and gently lead the mother sheep’ (Isaiah 40:11). ‘He will be shepherding the flock of the Lord faithfully and righteously, and will suffer none of them to stumble in their pasture. He will lead them all aright’ (Psalms of Solomon 17:40–1). The leaders of the people are described as the shepherds of God’s people and nation. ‘Woe to the shepherds who destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture!’ (Jeremiah 23:1). Ezekiel has a tremendous indictment of the false leaders who seek their own good rather than the good of the flock. ‘Ah, you shepherds of Israel who have been feeding yourselves! Should not shepherds feed the sheep?’ (Ezekiel 34:2).

This picture passes over into the New Testament. Jesus is the good shepherd. He is the shepherd who will risk his life to seek and to save the one straying sheep (Matthew 18:12; Luke 15:4). He has pity upon the people because they are as sheep without a shepherd (Matthew 9:36; Mark 6:34). His disciples are his little flock (Luke 12:32). When he, the shepherd, is smitten, the sheep are scattered (Mark 14:27; Matthew 26:31). He is the shepherd of human souls (1 Peter 2:25), and the great shepherd of the sheep (Hebrews 13:20).

Just as in the Old Testament picture, the leaders of the Church are the shepherds and the people are the flock. It is the duty of the leader to feed the flock of God, to accept the oversight willingly and not by constraint, to do it eagerly and not for love of money, not to use the position for the exercise of power and to be an example to the flock (1 Peter 5:2–3). Paul urges the elders of Ephesus to take heed to all the flock over which the Holy Spirit had made them overseers (Acts 20:28). It is Jesus’ last command to Peter that he should feed his lambs and his sheep (John 21:15–19). The very word pastor (Ephesians 4:11) is the Latin word for shepherd.

The Jews had a lovely legend to explain why God chose Moses to be the leader of his people. ‘When Moses was feeding his father-in-law’s flock in the wilderness, a young kid ran away. Moses followed it until it reached a ravine, where it found a well to drink from. When Moses got up to it he said: “I did not know that you ran away because you were thirsty. Now you must be weary.” He took the kid on his shoulders and carried it back. Then God said: “Because you have shown pity in leading back one of a flock belonging to a man, you shall lead my flock Israel.” ’

The word ‘shepherd’ should paint a picture to us of the unceasing vigilance and patience of the love of God; and it should remind us of our duty towards one another, especially if we hold any kind of office in the Church of Christ.