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CONTENTS

Оглавление

COVER

TITLE PAGE

PREFACE TO THE FONTANA HISTORY OF SCIENCE

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

INTRODUCTION

1 On the Nature of the Universe and the Hermetic Museum

Chinese Alchemy

Greek Alchemy

Arabic and Medieval Alchemy

Newton’s Alchemy

The Demise of Alchemy and its Literary Tradition

2 The Sceptical Chymist

Paracelsianism

Helmontianism

The Acid-Alkali Theory

A Sceptical Chemist

Boyle’s Physical Theory of Matter

The Vacuum Boylianum and its Aftermath

Newton’s Chemistry

The Phlogistonists

Conclusion

3 Elements of Chemistry

A Scientific Civil Servant

The Chemistry of Air

The Chemical Revolution

The Aftermath

Conclusion

4 A New System of Chemical Philosophy

Dalton’s ‘New System’

Dalton’s Life

The Atomic Theory

The Origins of Dalton’s Theory

Electrifying Dalton’s Theory

Chemical Reactivity

Prout’s Hypothesis

Volumetric Relations

Scepticism Towards Atomism

Conclusion

5 Instructions for the Analysis of Organic Bodies

Purity

The Basis of Chemistry

The Supply of Apparatus and Chemicals

Liebig, Organic Analysis and the Research School

Conclusion

6 Chemical Method

Classifying by Radicals

Classification by Types

7 On the Constitution and Metamorphoses of Chemical Compounds

The Establishment of Quantivalence

Kekulé and the Theory of Chemical Structure

The Triumph of Structural Theory

8 Chemistry Applied to Arts and Manufactures

The Alkali Industry

Dyestuffs and Colouring

9 Principles of Chemistry

Sorting the Elements

The Rare Earths

The Inert Gases

Manufacturing Elements

Mendeleev’s Principles

Conclusion

10 On the Dissociation of Substances Dissolved in Water

Proto-Physical Chemistry

Raoult and van’t Hoff

Electrochemistry from Faraday to Arrhenius

The Ionic Theory

The Reception of the Ionic Theory

11 How to Teach Chemistry

Frankland’s State-sponsored Chemistry

Armstrong’s Heuristic Method

Twentieth-century Developments in Teaching

The Laboratory

12 The Chemical News

Forming Chemical Societies

The Chemical Periodical

William Crookes, Chemical Editor

13 The Nature of the Chemical Bond

The Lewis Atom

Spreading the Electronic Theory

The Pauling Bond

14 Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry

The Lapworth-Thiele-Robinson Tradition

The Michael-Flürscheim- Vorlãnder Tradition

The Electronic Theory of Organic Reactions

Organizing the Structure of Organic Chemistry

The Kinetics of Mechanisms

The Spread of Physical Organic Chemistry

Aromaticity

The Non-classical Ion Debate

Conclusion

15 The Renaissance of Inorganic Chemistry

Werner’s New Ideas

Sidgwick’s Electronic Interpretation of Co-ordination Chemistry

Australian Chemistry

Australian and Japanese Chemistry

Co-ordination Chemistry in Australia

Nyholm’s Renaissance

Conclusion

16 At the Sign of the Hexagon

Synthesis

Industrial Chemistry

Chemistry and the Environment

EPILOGUE

APPENDIX: HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS

NOTES

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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COPYRIGHT

ABOUT THE PUBLISHER

The Fontana History of Chemistry

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