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The apparent (molar) solubility product of fluorite (CaF₂) at 25°C is 3.9 × 10⁻¹¹. What is the concentration of Ca²⁺ ion in groundwater containing 0.1 mM of F^– in equilibrium with fluorite?

Answer: Expressing eqn. 3.93 for this case we have:

We take the activity of CaF₂ as 1. Rearranging and substituting in values, we have: