Читать книгу Logic, Inductive and Deductive - William Minto - Страница 2
Table of Contents
ОглавлениеTHE LOGIC OF CONSISTENCY—SYLLOGISM AND DEFINITION.
THE INTERPRETATION OF PROPOSITIONS.
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF PROPOSITIONS.
INDUCTIVE LOGIC, OR THE LOGIC OF SCIENCE.
I.—THE ORIGIN AND SCOPE OF LOGIC.
II.—LOGIC AS A PREVENTIVE OF ERROR OR FALLACY.—THE INNER SOPHIST.
The Bias of Impatient Impulse.
III.—THE AXIOMS OF DIALECTIC AND OF SYLLOGISM.
THE LOGIC OF CONSISTENCY. SYLLOGISM AND DEFINITION.
GENERAL NAMES AND ALLIED DISTINCTIONS.
THE SYLLOGISTIC ANALYSIS OF PROPOSITIONS INTO TERMS.
II.— The Practice of Syllogistic Analysis.
III.— Some Technical Difficulties.
IMPERFECT UNDERSTANDING OF WORDS AND THE REMEDIES THEREFOR.—DIALECTIC.—DEFINITION.
I.— Verification of the Meaning—Dialectic.
II.— Principles of Division or Classification and Definition.
THE FIVE PREDICABLES.—VERBAL AND REAL PREDICATION.
THE INTERPRETATION OF PROPOSITIONS. —OPPOSITION AND IMMEDIATE INFERENCE.
THEORIES OF PREDICATION.—THEORIES OF JUDGMENT.
THE "OPPOSITION" OF PROPOSITIONS.—THE INTERPRETATION OF "NO".
THE IMPLICATION OF PROPOSITIONS. —IMMEDIATE FORMAL INFERENCE.—EDUCATION.
Æquipollent or Equivalent Forms—Obversion.
Table of Contrapositive Converses.
Other Forms of Immediate Inference.
THE COUNTER-IMPLICATION OF PROPOSITIONS.
The Law of Homogeneous Counter-relativity.
THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF PROPOSITIONS.—MEDIATE INFERENCE.—SYLLOGISM.
FIGURES AND MOODS OF THE SYLLOGISM.
II.— The Minor Figures Of the Syllogism, And Their Reduction To the First .
THE DEMONSTRATION OF THE SYLLOGISTIC MOODS. —THE CANONS OF THE SYLLOGISM.
THE ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTS INTO SYLLOGISTIC FORMS.
CONDITIONAL ARGUMENTS.—HYPOTHETICAL SYLLOGISM, DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM, AND DILEMMA.
Questions Connected with Hypothetical Syllogisms.
FALLACIES IN DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT.—PETITIO PRINCIPII AND IGNORATIO ELENCHI.
FORMAL OR ARISTOTELIAN INDUCTION.—INDUCTIVE ARGUMENT.
INDUCTIVE LOGIC, OR THE LOGIC OF SCIENCE.
THE DATA OF EXPERIENCE AS GROUNDS OF INFERENCE OR RATIONAL BELIEF.
II.—Tradition.—Hearsay Evidence .
III.—Method of Testing Traditional Evidence .
ASCERTAINMENT OF FACTS OF CAUSATION.
I.— Post Hoc ergo Propter Hoc .
II.—Meaning of "Cause".—Methods of Observation—Mill's Experimental Methods.
METHODS OF OBSERVATION.—SINGLE DIFFERENCE.
I.— The Principle of Single Difference.— Mill's "Canon".
II.—Application of the Principle.
METHODS OF OBSERVATION.—ELIMINATION.—SINGLE AGREEMENT.
I.— The Principle of Elimination.
II.— The Principle of Single Agreement.
III.— Mill's "Joint Method of Agreement and Difference".
METHODS OF OBSERVATION.—MINOR METHODS.
II.— Obstacles to Explanation.—Plurality of Causes and Intermixture of Effects.
III.— The Proof of a Hypothesis.
SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS OF INVESTIGATION.
I.— The Maintenance of Averages. — Supplement to the Method of Difference.
II.— The Presumption from Extra-Casual Coincidence.
PROBABLE INFERENCE TO PARTICULARS—THE MEASUREMENT OF PROBABILITY.
