Читать книгу Multimedia Security, Volume 1 - William Puech - Страница 15

These new possibilities of image manipulation have been exploited for a long time by governments, criminal organizations and offenders. Stalinist propaganda images can come to mind, in which certain characters who had become undesirable were removed from official photographs (Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1. An example showing how an image has been modified several times in a row, each person who had lost favor seeing their image removed from the photo. Only Joseph Stalin appears in all four photos

Today, image manipulation can serve the interests of criminal or terrorist organizations as part of their propaganda (false claims, false events, masking of identification elements, addition of objects). Face swapping and deepfake techniques are also a simple way to undermine the image and privacy of public figures by placing them in compromising photos. The manipulation of images is also a means of exerting coercion, pressure or blackmail against a third party. These new image manipulation techniques are also used by pedophiles to generate photographs that satisfy their fantasies. Manipulated images can also be used to cause economic harm to companies through disinformation campaigns. Administrative documents can be falsified in order to obtain official papers, a rental document or a loan from specialized organizations. Face morphing, whose objective is to obtain the photo of a visually “compatible” face from two faces, enables two users to share the same ID in order to deceive an identity check.