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Final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is generally changed into i on the addition of a suffix.

Exception 1.—Before ing or ish, the final y is retained to prevent the doubling of the i: as, pity + ing = pitying.

Exception 2.—Words ending in ie and dropping the e, by Rule I. change the i into y to prevent the doubling of the i: as, die + ing = dying; lie + ing = lying.

Exception 3.—Final y is sometimes changed into e: as, duty + ous = duteous; beauty + ous = beauteous.