Читать книгу Thailand: The Golden Kingdom - William Warren - Страница 6

Introduction

"I do not know that these Siamese wats have beauty, which they say is reserved and aloof and very refined; all I know is that they are strange and gay and odd, their lines are infinitely distinguished, like the lines of a proposition in a schoolboy's Euclid, their colors are flaunting and crude, like the colors of vegetables in the greengrocer's stall at an open-air market, and, like a place where seven ways meet, they open roads down which the imagination can make many a careless and unexpected journey."

— Somerset Maugham, The Gentleman in the Parlor (1930)

Gold elephant dating from the 15th century, found in one of the old temples of Ayutthaya.

The ruins of Sukhothai, the first capital of Thailand, founded in the early 13th century.

The Grand Palace compound; the golden spires are part of the Temple of the Emerald Buddha.

Among Thailand's traditional crafts, one of the most striking is mosaics made of glass or ceramic-intricate patterns created by fitting thousands of small pieces together into what looks from a distance like a solid mass of vivid color, only revealing its separate parts at closer inspection. You can see this art brought to a peak of perfection in the dazzling precincts of the Temple of the Emerald Buddha in the Grand Palace or at the famous Temple of Dawn which raises its porcelain encrusted towers over the Chao Phraya River.

The technique may also be used as a metaphor for Thailand itself. For the kingdom, too, is made up of many different components, so closely connected it takes time and not a little effort to appreciate them individually.

Bangkok, the point of entry for most visitors, is a prime example. At first glance the capital city seems a typical modern metropolis-vast (sprawling over 960 square km), overcrowded (with a population of at least twelve million, probably more), boasting a network of elevated expressways and an international skyline of highrise office towers, hotels and shopping centers.

But look a little more carefully, not far behind this familiar Western facade, and you discover another, quite different city: It is one that encompasses Buddhist temples at once serene and spectacular; picturesque canals lined with open-fronted houses; colorful markets piled with exotic products; a Chinatown of narrow, clamorous alleyways; old Victorian palaces set in lush gardens; and a great river teeming with timeless traffic.

His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej on his throne in the Grand Palace, beneath the royal umbrella.

In one of the many rituals associated with theatre in Thailand, two classical dancers pay homage to their teachers by lighting candles and incense sticks at a shrine.

Elsewhere, too, there is a similar co-existence of old and new, of cultural and scenic contrasts. Thailand is known as the "Land of the Free"; except for brief interludes in the 16th and 18th centuries, when the Burmese occupied the capital and other areas, it has always been proudly independent, undisturbed by colonial conquest and enjoying a degree of social and political unity rare among the countries of Southeast Asia. Yet, again, a closer look reveals surprising diversity.

Thais are not the only people who have chosen to make their home in this land of fertile rice fields, misty mountains and sunny sea coasts. There are sizeable communities of ethnic Lao, Chinese, Cambodians, Malays and Mons, as well as semi-nomadic tribal groups in the north-all of whom regard Thailand as home and all of whom have contributed in some way to its distinctive culture.

There are imposing ruins of ancient capitals and monuments-not only Thai but also Khmer and Mon-going back nearly 1,000 years, as well as much older traces of prehistoric cultures. There is scenery of immense beauty (over 90 areas are national parks or wildlife preserves), and villages where traditional crafts and lifestyles have been only lightly touched by the modern world. At the same time, there are booming provincial capitals with all the amenities (and problems) of fabled Bangkok, internationally famous resorts and swift means of modern communication.

Thailand's revered monarchy has managed to adapt itself to demands of the contemporary world without losing its rich traditions and ceremonial grandeur. Also still vigorously alive are other memorable parts of the old cultural fabric: enduring faiths (Buddhism most prominently, but others as well); an internationally celebrated cuisine; sports (try an evening at Thai boxing to discover how different that is); and an almost endless array of festivals, rituals and classic arts found nowhere else.

"Amazing" is the word selected by the Tourism Authority of Thailand to sum up this diverse land. And amazing it most certainly is-full of beauty both natural and man-made, full of serendipitous surprises. It is a country that constantly draws its visitors back to discover yet another part of its complex pattern.

A young classical dancer; the elaborate jewelled costumes, inspired by court dress during the Ayutthaya period, are works of art in themselves.

Aspects of Thai life.

Thai boxing, a sport that involves grace as well as ferocity.

Buddhist monks meditating in a field.

Elephants in the famous roundup held annually in Surin province.

Dancers in traditional costume.

A procession carrying lustral water during the northern Songkran festival.

Members of the Royal Guard taking part in the Trooping of the Colors in Bangkok.

Students learning the classical dance gestures.

Members of the Akha hilltribe gather for a festival.