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Key to Pronunciation

THE PRONUNCIATION of many California place names is obvious from their spelling. In other cases, however, this book indicates pronunciations phonetically within parentheses. Note the values of the following symbols:

a	as in	cap, bad, act
ah		far, father, spa, cot, fond
air		air, fare, there
aw		law, dawn, caught(many people pronounce this the same as the o [ah] in cot)
ay		day, wait, cape
ch		child, church
dh		like th in then, bathe, rather
e		set, red, left
ee		tree, east, eve
er		her, sir, fur, upper
g	as in	go, give, gag
i		it, bid, ink
ie		die, my, high; before a consonant, written
		i . . . e, as in side, bite, line
ng		sing, long
oh		oh, oak, own, vote
oo		boot, soon, coop
or		or, soar, tore
ow		cow, down, out
oy		boy, coin, soil
s		sun, case, miss (not the z sound in rose, boys)
sh		crash
th		thin, thick, think (not the sound of then, bathe, which is written here as dh)
u		put, book, look
uh		but, sun, rug; also the unaccented vowel of sofa, alone
zh		measure, azure

The following phonetic symbols occur in languages other than English:

’	represents a glottal stop, i.e., an interruption of the breath in the throat, as in oh-oh! or in a careful pronunciation of the (’) ice
č	like ch in church
	the unaccented a of sofa, appear, alone
ï	like oo in boot, but with the lips flat in stead of rounded
ł	like English l, but without vibration of the vocal cords; the same as Welsh ll
ñ	like ny in canyon
š	like sh in ship
	like s with the tip of the tongue pulled back
	like t with the tip of the tongue pulled back (somewhat as in heart)

The syllable that carries the principal accent is capitalized; for example, the pronunciation of the word Mono is shown as MOH noh.