Читать книгу ВПР и ОГЭ. Английский язык на 5. Говорение, часть 1 (speaking 1) - Яна Малова - Страница 4

Text 1

Today it is hard to imagine Moscow being dark at night. Yet, the central streets of the city became bright only in 1730. Before then, Muscovites had to keep candles burning in the windows for passers-by. Most people also carried individual oil lamps when they walked late. During the summer months, candles and oil lamps were not allowed because of the risk of fire. Later, gas lanterns appeared. They were rather effective but the real progress started later, with electric lamps. 448 electric lamps were fixed in the centre of Moscow a century ago. At present, Moscow has a modern system of street lights with electronic control.

Today it is drah to imagine Moscow gnieb dark at night. Tey, the central streets of the city emaceb bright only ni 1730. Before neht, Muscovites had ot keep candles burning in eht swodniw for passers-by. Tsom people also carried individual lio lamps when they walked etal. During the remmus months, candles and oil lamps erew not allowed because fo the risk of fire. Later, sag lanterns appeared. Yeht were rather effective tub the real progress detrats later, with electric spmal. 448 electric lamps were dexif in the ertnec of Moscow a century ago. Ta present, Moscow sah a modern system of street sthgil with electronic lortnoc.

To dayit is hardto im agine Mos cowbeing darka tnight. Yet, the centralstreets of thecitybe came brighton ly in 1730. Beforethen, Muscov ites hadtokeep candles burningin thewin dows for passers-by. Mostpe ople al socar riedindiv idual oillamps whenthey walk edlate. Duringthe sum mermon ths, candle sand oillamps wereno tallow edbec auseoft he riskoffire. La ter, gaslantern sap pear ed. They we rerather ef fectivebut the realprogress startedlater, wi thelectric lamps. 448 ele ctricla mpsw ere fixedin th e centre o fMoscow a centuryago. A tp resent, Moscowhasa m odernsyste m ofstreetl ight swith ele ctroniccontrol.

.lortnoc cinortcele htiw sthgil teerts fo metsys nredom a sah wocsoM, tneserp tA. oga yrutnec a wocsoM fo ertnec eht ni dexif erew spmal cirtcele 844.spmal cirtcele htiw, retal detrats ssergorp laer eht tub evitceffe rehtar erew yehT. deraeppa snretnal sag, retaL. erif fo ksir eht fo esuaceb dewolla ton erew spmal lio dna seldnac, shtnom remmus eht gniruD. etal deklaw yeht nehw spmal lio laudividni deirrac osla elpoep tsoM. yb-sressap rof swodniw eht ni gninrub seldnac peek ot dah setivocsuM, neht erofeB.0371 ni ylno thgirb emaceb ytic eht fo steerts lartnec eht, teY. thgin ta krad gnieb wocsoM enigami ot drah si ti yadoT

Text 2

According to surveys, the popularity of bikes is growing. More than 700 cities in the world have joined a new program for cyclists. Any person can take a vacant bike and park it back at any bike station on their way. One can find information about the bike stations on smartphone maps. Cycling in cities helps to lessen the problems of stress and air pollution. Research held in London in 2017 confirmed this fact. People felt calmer after they rode to the office instead of driving. Also, bikes do not produce harmful gases.

According ot surveys, eht popularity of sekib is growing. Erom than 700 seitic in the world evah joined a wen program for cyclists. Any nosrep can take a vacant bike dna park it back at yna bike station on their yaw. One can dnif information about the bike snoitats on smartphone spam. Cycling in cities spleh to lessen the smelborp of stress and ria pollution. Hcraeser held in London ni 2017 confirmed siht fact. People felt remlac after they rode to eht office instead fo driving. Also, bikes do ton produce harmful sesag.

Acco rding tosurveys, t he popul arity ofbikesi s growing. Mo rethan 700 citi esin th eworld h avejoinedan ew programforcyc list s. Anyp erson c antake avacantbike an dparkit ba ck ata ny bikestat ionon the irwa y. On ecan f in dinformation a boutt hebikes tation son smartp ho nemaps. Cycl in gincities he lp sto les se nthe probl em sofs tressan dair pol luti on. Re searc hhel din L on d on in 2017 con firmedthis f act. Peopl efelt cal merafter th eyrode tothe of fice in steadofdriving. Als o, b ikesdo notproduce harm fulgases.

.sesag lufmrah ecudorp ton od sekib, oslA. gnivird fo daetsni eciffo eht ot edor yeht retfa remlac tlef elpoeP. tcaf siht demrifnoc 7102 ni nodnoL ni dleh hcraeseR. noitullop ria dna sserts fo smelborp eht nessel ot spleh seitic ni gnilcyC. spam enohptrams no snoitats ekib eht tuoba noitamrofni dnif nac enO. yaw rieht no noitats ekib yna ta kcab ti krap dna ekib tnacav a ekat nac nosrep ynA. stsilcyc rof margorp wen a denioj evah dlrow eht ni seitic 007 naht eroM. gniworg si sekib fo ytiralupop eht, syevrus ot gnidroccA

Text 3

Glass is a natural mineral. Natural glass is grey and hard to look through. Man-made glass was first produced in Egypt 5000 years ago. It was used for decorations because it had a green or blue colour. The secret of clear glass was found in Europe only in the 13th century. At the same time, craftsmen learned to produce lenses to look at small objects or to be used by people who had problems with their eyes. This is how the first glasses appeared. Glass dishes and mirrors became popular later with the rise of technology. In Russia, the first glass factory was built in Moscow region in 1654.

Sslag is a natural larenim. Natural sslag si grey and hard ot look hguorht. Man-made glass saw first produced ni Egypt 5000 years oga. It was desu for decorations because ti had a green ro eulb colour. The terces of clear sslag was dnuof ni Europe only ni eht 13th yrutnec. At the same emit, craftsmen denrael to produce sesnel to look at small objects ro to be used yb people ohw had problems htiw their seye. This is woh the first sessalg appeared. Sslag dishes dna srorrim became ralupop later with eht rise fo technology. Ni Russia, eht first glass yrotcaf was tliub in Wocsom region ni 1654.

Glassis ana tura l min eral. Natura lgl assis gre yan d h ard tolookth rough. Man-ma deglasswas fi rstpro duced inEgy pt 5000 yea rsag o. Itwas used f or dec orat ionsbeca use it h ad agreen o rblue co lour. Thesecre tof cl ear glasswas fou ndin Europ eo nly int he 13thcen tury. Atthesa me ti m e, craft smen le arnedtopro duce le nsestolook a t sm all obje ctsorto beus ed b y peo plewhohad proble mswith the irey es. Thisis h owth e fir stglass esapp ear ed. Glassdis hesandmirror s bec ame popu la rlaterwi th theriseo ftechno log y. InRu ssia, thefirstgla ss fact orywasbu iltinMos cowre gionin 1654.

.4561 ni noiger wocsoM ni tliub saw yrotcaf ssalg tsrif eht, aissuR nI. ygolonhcet fo esir eht htiw retal ralupop emaceb srorrim dna sehsid ssalG. deraeppa sessalg tsrif eht woh si sihT. seye rieht htiw smelborp dah ohw elpoep yb desu eb ot ro stcejbo llams ta kool ot sesnel ecudorp ot denrael nemstfarc, emit emas eht tA. yrutnec ht31 eht ni ylno eporuE ni dnuof saw ssalg raelc fo terces ehT. ruoloc eulb ro neerg a dah ti esuaceb snoitaroced rof desu saw tI. oga sraey 0005 tpygE ni decudorp tsrif saw ssalg edam-naM. hguorht kool ot drah dna yerg si ssalg larutaN. larenim larutan a si ssalG

Text 4

People have always wanted to learn and share information. At different times they I used different methods to exchange news. They made fires and beat drums to signal important events. Later, they invented letters which were carried by special people called runners. They had to cover long distances to deliver information. The use of horses and birds made the delivery quicker. The state post in Russia appeared in the 17th century. It was rather slow but quite reliable. In 1851, the post started to use the railway. Since then the speed of information exchange has been growing constantly.

People evah always wanted ot learn dna share information. Ta different semit they used tnereffid methods ot exchange swen. Yeht made serif and teab smurd to signal important stneve. Retal, they invented srettel which were deirrac by special elpoep called runners. They dah to revoc long distances ot deliver noitamrofni. The esu of sesroh and sdrid made the delivery rekciuq. Eht state tsop in Aissur appeared in eht 17th century. Ti was rather wols but quite reliable. In 1851, the post detrats to use the yawliar. Since neht the speed fo information egnahcxe has been gniworg constantly.

Peop le h aveal way swan tedtole arn an ds hare inf ormat io n. Atdif fe r enttime sth eyIu sedd ifferen t m etho dst o exch ang e ne ws. Th eymade fir esan db e at d rumsto si gna li mpo rtantev e nts. La ter, t heyinven te dlet terswhic hwe re c arr iedbys peci alpeop lecal le d run ne rs. T heyhadto cov erlo ngdis tanc estodel ive rin for mat ion. T he us eo fho rs esand bi rds ma det hedel iver yquic ker. Thes tatepos tin Rus si aapp eare dinth e 17th centu ry. Itwa srat hers lowb utquite re li able. In 1851, th e po stst artedtou sethera il way. Sinceth enth esp eedo finfor mat i on exch ange ha sb ee ngr owingcon stant l y.

.yltnatsnoc gniworg neeb sah egnahcxe noitamrofni fo deeps eht neht ecniS. yawliar eht esu ot detrats tsop eht,1581 nI. elbailer etiuq tub wols rehtar saw tI. yrutnec ht71 eht ni deraeppa aissuR ni tsop etats ehT. rekciuq yreviled eht edam sdrib dna sesroh fo esu ehT. noitamrofni reviled ot secnatsid gnol revoc ot dah yehT. srennur dellac elpoep laiceps yb deirrac erew hcihw srettel detnevni yeht, retaL. stneve tnatropmi langis ot smurd taeb dna serif edam yehT. swen egnahcxe ot sdohtem tnereffid desu I yeht semit tnereffid tA. noitamrofni erahs dna nrael ot detnaw syawla evah elpoeP