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Data integrity regulations are designed to protect against fraud. SOX, for example, requires regulated businesses to have controls on systems that prevent tampering with financial data. In addition, businesses need to be able to demonstrate that they have these controls in place. This can be done with application logs and reports from security systems, such as vulnerability scanners or anti-malware applications.

Depending on regulations, applications that collect or process sensitive data may need to use message digests and digital signing to protect data with tamper-proof protections.

Many of the controls used to protect privacy, such as encryption and blocking mechanisms, like firewalls, are also useful for protecting data integrity.

In addition to stated business requirements, it is a good practice to review compliance and regulations with the business owners of the systems that you design. You will often find that the security protections required by regulations overlap with the controls that are used in general to secure information systems and data.