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Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics
Читать книгу Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics - Группа авторов - Страница 1
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Вернуться на страницу книги Surface Science and Adhesion in Cosmetics
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
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1
Lip Biophysical Properties and Characterization Methods for Long-Wear Lipsticks
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Lip Anatomy & Lip Surface Properties
1.2.1 Lip Anatomy and Biophysical Properties
1.2.2 Surface Properties of the Lips
1.3 In Vitro Evaluation Methods for Lipsticks
1.3.1 Stability Testing of Lipstick Formulations
1.3.2 Physical Properties of Lipstick Formulations
1.3.2.1 Lipstick Hardness and Deposition
1.3.2.2 Lipstick Wear Assays
1.3.2.2.1 Adsorption by Contact Angle Measurements
1.3.2.2.2 Rub Test with Oil and Water
1.3.2.2.3 Adhesion with Scotch
®
Tape
1.3.2.2.4 Adhesion Testing
1.3.2.3 Lipstick Cohesion Test
1.3.2.4 Tack Testing
1.3.2.5 Thermal Analysis of Lipsticks
1.3.3 Visual Properties of Lipstick Formulations
1.3.3.1 Transfer Resistance Test
1.3.3.2 Gloss Measurement
1.4 Relation of In Vitro Analysis with Consumer Sensory Testing
1.5 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Страница 33
2
Effect of Cosmetic Oils on Lipstick Structure and Its Deposit
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Natural Waxes, Their Physical Properties and Potential Applications
2.3 Factors Affecting Oil-Wax Structures
2.3.1 Factors Affecting Oil-Wax Structures: Wax Type
2.3.1.1 Non-Natural Waxes
2.3.1.2 Natural Waxes
2.3.2 Factors Affecting Oil-Wax Structures: Oil Polarity
2.3.3 Factors Affecting Oil-Wax Structures: Oil Viscosity
2.3.4 Factors Affecting Oil-Wax Structures: Cooling Rate
2.4 Study On Model Oil-Wax System Containing Polyethylene Wax
2.4.1 Materials
2.4.2 Measurements
2.4.2.1 Oil Viscosity
2.4.2.2 Oil Polarity by Relative Permittivity
2.4.2.3 Hardness of Lipsticks
2.4.2.4 Amount and Thickness of Lipstick Deposit on Bioskin
2.4.2.5 Wax Crystallization Study
2.4.2.6 Morphology of Wax Structure by SEM
2.5 Results and Discussion
2.5.1 Factors Affecting Lipstick Structure: Oil Viscosity
2.5.2 Factors Affecting Lipstick Structure: Oil Polarity
2.5.3 Factors Affecting Lipstick Structure: Wax Amount
2.5.4 Influence of Wax-Oil Lipstick Structure on its Deposition and Sensorial Perception
2.6 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
Страница 58
3
UV Curing of Nail Gels by Light Emitting Diode (LED) and Fluorescent (FL) Light Sources
3.1 Introduction
3.2 UV Cure Chemistry
3.2.1 Initiation Reaction
3.2.2 Propagation Reaction
3.2.3 Chain Transfer Reaction
3.2.4 Termination Reaction
3.2.5 Photoinitiation
3.3 UV Cure Light Sources: Gallium-Doped Low-Wattage Long Wavelength Fluorescent (FL) Bulbs and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
3.3.1 UV Light Spectrum
3.3.2 Matching the PI with the UV Light Source and Pigments Absorption/Transmission
3.4 UV Cure Oxygen Inhibition Issues
3.5 Special Considerations for the Use of UV Nail Gel Technology Due to Oxygen Inhibition
3.5.1 UV Nail Gel Cure Units: GA-FL and LED
3.5.2 UV Cure and Free Radical Oxygen Inhibition
3.5.3 Methods for Mitigating Oxygen Inhibition During UV Cure
3.5.4 Combinatorial Chemistry Technique Used to Mitigate Oxygen Inhibition for Low Energy UV-A Cure Resulting in Tack-Free Surfaces
3.6 How to Formulate a UV-A Cure Nail Gel
3.6.1 Formulating with (Meth) Acrylate Monomers
3.6.2 Formulating with the Proper Photoinitiator
3.7 Formulation of UV Nail Gels with 100% Solids UV Cure Oligomers and Monomers
3.7.1 Formulation of a UV Nail Gel Using a UV Cure Polyurethane Dispersion (UV-PUD)
3.7.2 Bio-Based UV Cured Nail Gel Materials
3.8 Human Nail Mechanical and Surface Free Energy Properties
3.9 Adhesion of UV Nail Gel to the Human Nail Plate
3.10 Removal of the UV Nail Gel From the Human Nail Plate
3.11 Alternative Uses of UV Cured Nail Gels as a Solution to Remedy Onychomycosis (Toenail Fungus)
3.12 UV-Cured Nail Gel Safety
3.13 Prospects on UV Nail Gels
3.14 Summary
Acknowledgements
References
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