Читать книгу Emergency Medical Services - Группа авторов - Страница 156

Oxygenation and ventilation are critical life‐sustaining functions, and their evaluation and management are primary components of emergency medical services (EMS) care. While these two parameters are related, they are distinct physiological functions that require independent assessment. The focus of this chapter is on diagnostic aids and management, and EMS physicians and other clinicians must develop and maintain expert physical examination skills for the proper assessment of these important processes. The astute EMS clinician will observe demeanor, mentation, ability to speak, ease and volume of air exchange, work of breathing, upper or lower airway obstruction, pulmonary congestion, and central and peripheral cyanosis. These findings should be considered together with diagnostic test results to determine the status of oxygenation and ventilation in an individual patient, whether intervention is needed, and, if so, which treatment modalities are indicated.