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2.3.5.1 Biopellets and Biogas

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Biopellets are the simplest form of bioenergy yet competitive to crude oil or natural gas for the household uses in Western countries. Research in pelletization process of leaves in order to use them as additives or substitute to wood provides an alternative for biopellets production (Verma et al. 2012). Transforming biomass to biogas is a modern use of bioenergy, anaerobic digestion of biomass using a digestor leads to formation of biogas. Different types of digestors used for the anaerobic digestion are fixed dome, floating drum and plug flow (Gupta et al. 2014, pp. 1–17). Chemical composition of biogas is a function of the type of feedstock, design of digestor used and processing conditions (Lund et al. 2016, pp. 36–38). Replacing wood and coal with biogas in rural areas will decrease the emission of GHGs (Pathak et al. 2009). Moreover, biogas and biomethane produced from medium and large‐scale plants can substitute the natural gas usage as fuel in transportation, leading to decarbonization (IRENA 2019b).

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