Читать книгу Counseling the Culturally Diverse - Laura Smith L. - Страница 42

It is obvious that Dr. D. has concluded that Gabriella suffers from a panic disorder and that her attacks fulfill criteria set forth in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). When Gabriella uses the term ataques to describe her emotional outbursts, episodes of crying, feeling faint, somatic symptoms (“heat rising in her chest”), feeling of depersonalization (unreal), and loss of control, a Western‐trained counseling/mental health professional may very likely diagnose a panic attack. Is a panic attack diagnosis the same as ataques? Is ataque simply a Latin American translation of an anxiety disorder? We now recognize that ataque de nervios (“attack of the nerves”) is a cultural syndrome, occurs often in Latin American countries (in individuals of Latinx descent), and is distinguishable from panic attacks (American Psychological Association, 2013). Cultural syndromes that do not share a one‐to‐one correspondence with psychiatric disorders in DSM‐5 have been found in South Asia, Zimbabwe, Haiti, China, Mexico, Japan, and other places. Failure to consider the cultural context and manifestation of disorders often results in inaccurate diagnosis and inappropriate treatment (Sue, Sue, Sue, & Sue, 2022).