Читать книгу Why do buildings collapse in earthquakes? Building for safety in seismic areas - Robin Spence - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
5 1 Introduction 1.1 Earthquakes – An Underrated Hazard 1.2 Earthquakes, Buildings, People 1.3 The Authors' Experience of Earthquake Risk Assessment 1.4 Aims of This Book 1.5 Outline of the Book References
6 2 How Do Buildings Behave in Earthquakes? 2.1 Learning from Earthquakes 2.2 Significant Earthquakes Since 2000 2.3 What Can We Learn from These Significant Earthquakes? 2.4 Earthquake Losses in Rich and Poor Countries 2.5 Are Earthquake Losses Decreasing Over Time? References
7 3 How are Buildings Constructed in Earthquake Zones? 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Built Form, Climate and Earthquake Resistance 3.3 Building Construction Types by Earthquake Zone 3.4 Summary References
8 4 What Happens in an Earthquake? 4.1 What is an Earthquake? 4.2 Volcanic Earthquakes and Induced Seismicity 4.3 How Earthquakes Travel through Different Media 4.4 Secondary Hazards 4.5 Compound Threats References
9 5 How Do Different Forms of Construction Behave in Earthquakes? 5.1 Introduction: Range and Classification of Building Construction Types 5.2 Masonry Construction 5.3 Reinforced Concrete Construction 5.4 Timber Frame Construction 5.5 Steel Frame Construction 5.6 Comparing the Vulnerability of Different Construction Types References
10 6 How is the Population Affected? 6.1 Causes of Earthquake Casualties 6.2 Casualties due to Building Collapses 6.3 Survivability of an Occupant in a Building 6.4 Other Causes of Casualties 6.5 How Can We Estimate the Number of Injured and Killed in an Earthquake? 6.6 Estimating Fatalities Due to Building Collapses 6.7 Estimating Casualties from Secondary Hazards and Cascading Effects 6.8 The Way Forward References
11 7 How Can Buildings Be Improved? 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Design of Engineered Buildings 7.3 Strengthening Existing Buildings 7.4 Building for Safety Programmes 7.5 Public Awareness of Earthquake Risk: Creating a Safety Culture References
12 8 Successes and Failures in Earthquake Protection: 8.1 Introduction: The survey 8.2 High Achievers 8.3 Limited Achievers 8.4 Continuing and Growing Risks 8.5 Country Comparison of Unsafe Structures 8.6 Comparison of the Country Groups Acknowledgements References
13 9 The Way Forward: What Part Can Different Actors Play? 9.1 International Agencies and Global Initiatives 9.2 Governments 9.3 Businesses and Organisations 9.4 Homeowners and Individual Citizens 9.5 Scientists and Engineers 9.6 NGOs 9.7 Insurers 9.8 The Way Forward References
14 Index
