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The anthropological literature on war and violence reflects broader developments in anthropological theory, in which the critique of evolutionistic and functionalistic theories has given way to theories focusing on the relation between structure and strategy. Functional explanations of war (Gluckman 1955; Turner 1956; Ferguson 1984; Vayda and Rappaport 1968) have been abandoned, and though evolutionary theories of violence are still present in contemporary anthropology (Keegan 1994; Carneiro 1996; Reyna 1994; Abbink 2001), many explanations favour at least some degree of agency/structure.