Читать книгу An Introduction to Testing for Drugs of Abuse - William E. Schreiber - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Graph comparing harm to users (x‐axis) vs harm to others (y‐axis)...Figure 1.2 Costs of substance use in Canada in 2017. For each substance, the...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Structures of uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucuronic acid and phosp...

3 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Radioimmunoassay (RIA). A drug labeled with a radioisotope compet...Figure 4.2 Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT). An enzyme attache...Figure 4.3 Cloned enzyme donor immunoassay (CEDIA). The free donor–drug comp...Figure 4.4 Kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution (KIMS). The dru...Figure 4.5 Lateral flow immunoassay. (a) A patient sample is applied to the ...

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Diagram of a gas chromatograph. The carrier gas flows from the ga...Figure 5.2 Blood alcohols separated by gas chromatography. The x‐axis gives ...Figure 5.3 Prescription opioids and their metabolites separated by liquid ch...Figure 5.4 Components of a mass spectrometer. The ion source generates charg...Figure 5.5 Mass spectrum of benzoylecgonine, the major metabolite of cocaine...

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Dried leaves from the coca plant, Erythroxylon coca.Figure 6.2 Structures of cocaine and its major metabolites. Circles and elli...

6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Structures of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and the neurotransmit...Figure 7.2 Structures of methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxymeth...Figure 7.3 Structures of p‐methoxyamphetamine (PMA) and p‐methoxymethampheta...Figure 7.4 Structures of cathinone and the synthetic derivatives methcathino...Figure 7.5 Structures of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine, phentermine, and methylp...

7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Structures of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide. The differences betw...Figure 8.2 Structures of temazepam, oxazepam, and lorazepam. These drugs are...Figure 8.3 Structures of alprazolam and triazolam.Figure 8.4 Structures of clonazepam and flunitrazepam. Flunitrazepam has bee...Figure 8.5 Metabolism of benzodiazepines. Clorazepate is an inactive prodrug...Figure 8.6 Structures of the Z‐drugs.Figure 8.7 Structure of etizolam. A circle surrounds the thiophene ring that...

8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Structures of some common barbiturates. Each compound has two sid...Figure 9.2 Structures of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and the inhibitory ...Figure 9.3 Structures of chloral hydrate and its active metabolite trichloro...

9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Picture of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.Figure 10.2 Structures of morphine, codeine, and commonly used semisynthetic...Figure 10.3 Structures of commonly prescribed synthetic opioids. None of the...Figure 10.4 Structures of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and buprenorphine,...

10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Picture of Cannabis sativa plants.Figure 11.2 Structures of Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), its metabolites 11‐...Figure 11.3 Mean plasma levels of THC, 11‐OH‐THC and THC‐COOH during and aft...

11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Structures of the neurotransmitter serotonin and the hallucinoge...Figure 12.2 Psilocybe cubensis, a species of psilocybin‐containing mushrooms...Figure 12.3 (a) Structure of mescaline (3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenylethylamine). (...Figure 12.4 Structures of the dissociative drugs phencyclidine and ketamine....

12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Structures of ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and ethylene glyco...Figure 13.2 Charts showing the effect of drinking on blood alcohol content (Figure 13.3 Metabolism of ethanol by the liver. Alcohol dehydrogenase conver...Figure 13.4 Structures of ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, and phosphatidyl...Figure 13.5 Diagram of transferrin isoforms. The protein backbone of transfe...Figure 13.6 Toxic alcohols and their metabolites. For all three alcohols, th...