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The Economic Espionage Act (EEA) was enacted by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Clinton in 1996. The EEA was the first federal law to broadly define and establish strict penalties for theft or unauthorized use of trade secrets. The EEA makes it a criminal offense to copy, download, upload, alter, steal, or transfer trade secrets for the benefit of a foreign entity. The EEA establishes penalties for economic espionage that include fines up to $10 million and imprisonment up to 15 years, as well as forfeiture of any property used to commit economic espionage or property obtained as a result of the criminal act.