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The divergence of a vector field at a point is a measure of the net outward flux of the same vector per unit volume. The divergence of vector is defined as

(1.59)

The divergence can be represented in a cylindrical coordinate system as

(1.60)

In a spherical coordinate system, the divergence is given as

(1.61)

The divergence of a vector field gives a scalar result. In addition, the divergence of a scalar is not a valid operation.