Читать книгу American Bulldog - Abe Fishman - Страница 11

In discussing the temperament of the American Bulldog, we must consider that the range in type within the breed today is so great and the genetic material composing this breed is so varied that the physical and temperamental characteristics of your dog will depend upon his specific ancestry. One or more of the giant breeds were crossed into some American Bulldog lines in the recent past, so common sense dictates that the lines in question will produce dogs displaying the characteristics of those giant breeds. On the other end of the spectrum, if the Pit Bull was crossed into the line from which your dog descends, chances are that your dog will display characteristics that are more like the Pit Bull. If your dog is from pure, or nearly pure, old-time working American Bulldog lines, that is another matter altogether.

SUSPICIOUS MINDS

The American Bulldog is a protective dog, but he should never be an overly hot-headed dog. He should greet strangers with only mild suspicion, when these strangers are in the company of the dog’s master. An American Bulldog should never appear threatening to any friend who has come to the home. When called upon to defend, however, he should do so with authority and be prepared to die in defense of his human family.

An American Bulldog with another breed known for an impressive-looking head and strength—the Dogue de Bordeaux.

If we are going to strive to preserve the pure American Bulldog, however, it is also important that we understand the character that defines it. Any breed displays both a typical look and a typical character, and it is a combination of the two that should be selected in the show ring and for any breeding program. With this in mind, let’s take a look at the desirable character of the true American Bulldog.

While we’ve emphasized the American Bulldog’s working ability, we should also mention that he has a silly side and likes to goof off with friends.

The true American Bulldog is among the most reliable working dogs ever developed. Remember the job that the working American Bulldog was produced to do. It was essentially a “catch dog,” sent out to attack, grab and hold highly dangerous free-range livestock, such as the Arkansas razorback boar. Once the dog had caught the livestock, the dog’s job was to hold that livestock while it was either killed or, more commonly, tied by the dog’s owner. Bearing in mind that the razorback boar is such a lethal animal, the rancher’s life literally depended upon both the ability and the reliability of his catch dog.

The true American Bulldog is certainly a reliable dog. It is also a steady dog and a loyal dog. The working Bulldog had to have the tenacity to catch and fight for his life while always recognizing that he was part of a team that consisted of the dog and his human companion. This is a dog with both the physical ability and the energy to work hard and quickly, but he is also a dog that knows when to relax and lie quietly by the fire.

The American Bulldog should be a fun-loving dog that enjoys time in the yard and walks with his master. In fact, this is a breed that exudes happiness very clearly, and those who own a good representative of this breed will quickly come to know the meaning of the expression “a Bulldog smile.” In brief, in the breed’s true form, this is a dog you will enjoy owning and one you will remember fondly for the rest of your life. It is the quintessential pet, friend and home protector.

MALE OR FEMALE?

An important consideration is the sex of your American Bulldog puppy. For a family companion, an American Bulldog bitch is the best choice, considering the female’s inbred concern for all young creatures and her accompanying tolerance and patience. Regardless of which sex you choose, a pet male should be neutered and a pet female should be spayed.

HEALTH PROBLEMS SPECIFIC TO THE AMERICAN BULLDOG

As we know, cross-breeding between American Bulldogs and other breeds has been very common since the late 1970s. As such, when we consider the health problems that occur and that occur with a high degree of frequency in this breed, we must consider that depending upon the genetic lines of each particular dog, health considerations may vary. The following are health problems that affect the breed as a whole. Not every health problem listed here will occur in every American Bulldog line, but it is important that your dog’s veterinarian realizes that all of these problems exist within the modern genetic stock that defines this breed.

The defects that can occur in the American Bulldog are enlarged hearts, kidney and thyroid disorders, undersized lungs, hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, entropion, ectropion, bone cancer, deafness and blindness. Some also can suffer from skin problems like allergies and mange. Needless to say, well-established working stock will produce healthier dogs. Breeders should have their dogs tested and certified by both the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and the Canine Eye Registration Foundation (CERF); ask to see this documentation on your pup’s parents.

This pose is just for show, but the American Bulldog is certainly capable of giving his bull-and-terrier friends a lift!

KEEPING YOUR AMERICAN BULLDOG FIT

If this were a book about the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, an appropriate exercise program for your dog would be an easy one to prescribe. Contrarily, if this were a book about the Mastiff or the St. Bernard, a different kind of exercise program would also be easy to recommend. But we aren’t talking about Staffordshire Bull Terriers or Mastiffs or St. Bernards or Greyhounds or any other breed here. We are talking about the American Bulldog. The range in type we will see in the two standards, to be discussed later, and in my description of this breed in its proper form make outlining a healthy exercise program for the average dog of this breed impossible.

This does not mean that adequate exercise will not benefit your American Bulldog, however. Exercise certainly will benefit your American Bulldog, and a program of regular exercise should definitely be implemented by the time the dog is nine months old. This simply means that due to the variation of physical type within this breed, brought on by cross-breeding to other breeds of very different types in recent years, you will have to evaluate your dog’s type before a program of exercise is implemented. After all, the kind of exercise program that will benefit a fully grown, 85-pound, hardworking stock dog could very well kill a 130-pound dog of the Johnson line, for example.

American Bulldogs are very agile. How many other dogs can jump this high?

Again, the extreme range in type between the stock dog, the later Scott-line dogs, the old Painter-line dogs and the Johnson-line dogs is too great to view one form of exercise as being “right” for the breed. As such, it would be irresponsible of me to recommend a single exercise program as being adequate for all American Bulldogs. With this breed, you will have to evaluate the individual dog you want to keep fit and devise a program based upon what you know your dog to be. An exercise program for an adult dog may be as simple as a regular three-mile walk, three or four times a week on cool days. For working stock dogs, the program may be more strenuous, possibly including outdoor running or even weight pulling.

OWNER CONSIDERATIONS

The American Bulldog is a handsome and athletic companion dog. There is no doubt that this is a pure-bred dog that will continue to attract many admirers. Nonetheless, the American Bulldog is a breed that requires a special kind of owner. One of the most striking attributes of the American Bulldog is his agility. For a dog this size, no dog can compare to the American Bulldog for agility. Such athleticism and energy calls for an owner who has plenty of time to spend with his dog, training, conditioning and just horsing around. The owner himself must be fit and active to keep up with his American Bulldog. This is not to say that the breed doesn’t enjoy quiet time, but exercise is a must to keep this fellow trim, fit and mentally and physically balanced. If you are looking for a dog to sleep all day and get all of his exercise indoors or ambling about the yard, this is the wrong breed for you.

Generally speaking, the American Bulldog can be taught fairly easily. This Bulldog is not as stubborn as his Union Jack-clad counterpart. The American Bulldog enjoys spending time with his owner, so training time is a favorite time for this dog. New owners must comprehend that acquiring a dog is tantamount to settling down with a partner. The American Bulldog can live to be well over ten years of age. New owners must be able to predict that their lifestyle over the coming decade can accommodate an American Bulldog.

Fortunately, this breed is among the most versatile dogs in the world. As long as he’s by your side, this breed is equally content on a multi-acre estate as he is in an apartment. Provided that the owner is available to offer the dog exercise and attention, the American Bulldog will welcome any comfortable, loving household. An ideal situation, however, would be a home with a fenced yard in which the dog can stretch his legs. While it is unlike the American Bulldog to want to wander away from home, a fence is still a must for his safety. Also, since some American Bulldogs can be aggressive with other dogs, it’s best to prevent problems by fencing in the yard. The neighborhood cats will also appreciate that your dog can’t roam free!

An American Bulldog can be a great friend to children who know how to treat a dog properly. Introductions and interactions should always be supervised.

Since the American Bulldog will grow into a protective, dominant guardian, it’s important for the owner to be aware of the challenges of puppyhood. Adolescence promises that your Bulldog will begin to show his dominant instincts. Never permit a puppy to “bully” you about, since this sets a very dangerous precedent as the dog matures. Aggression toward people can never be tolerated, so be ready to show your American Bulldog who’s boss right from the start. Since some fighting-dog blood may be pulsing through your puppy’s veins, be ready to handle the puppy that growls at every other dog. While you can never totally change “the ways of the scorpion,” you can channel the pup’s instincts into acceptable behavior. Introductions to other dogs must become a part of your puppy’s socialization process. Just as you will want to expose the puppy to all kinds of people in a variety of environments, you will want to introduce your Bulldog pup to other pups and adult dogs. Assuring the American Bulldog pup that other dogs are not “the enemy” will pay off grandly in the later months and years. How you raise your puppy determines how he will react to other people, dogs and animals, so make sure to nurture your pup into a wonderful ambassador for the breed.

Although the American Bulldog is not AKC-recognized, other national organizations register and offer conformation showing for the breed.

FITNESS FOR LIFE

Walking is a basic necessity for every dog, whether he’s strong and tall like the American Bulldog or petite and delicate like the Toy Poodle. Owners of American Bulldogs can be sure that this breed loves the quality time on the road, and walking and running are ideal ways of conditioning your American Bulldog. Don’t encourage running with young puppies, since the breed matures slowly and excessive exercise when their bones and ligaments are growing may cause long-term damage. Once the American Bulldog reaches a year to 18 months old, the owner can concentrate on conditioning the dog. Many owners jog, hike and cycle with their dogs. Some owners even use treadmills and while these devices are often associated with dogfighters, they can also be responsibly used for exercise.