Stress Variation in English

Автор книги: Alexander Tokar id книги: 2249593 Оценка: 0.0 Голосов: 0 Отзывы, комментарии: 0 5737,24 руб. (69,41$) Читать книгу Купить и скачать книгу Электронная книга Жанр: Документальная литература Правообладатель и/или издательство: Bookwire Дата добавления в каталог КнигаЛит: 27 января 2022, 00:31 ISBN: 9783823300434 Скачать фрагмент в формате fb2 fb2.zip Возрастное ограничение: 0+ Оглавление Отрывок из книги

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This monograph is concerned with the question of why some English words have more than one stress pattern. E.g., 'overt vs. o'vert, 'pulsate vs. pul'sate, etc. It is argued that cases such as these are due to the fact that the morphological structure of one and the same English word can sometimes be analyzed in more than one way. Thus, 'overt is the stress pattern of the suffixation analysis over + -t, whereas o'vert is due to the prefixation analysis o- + -vert (cf. covert). Similarly, pulsate is simultaneously pulse + -ate (i.e., a suffixed derivative) and a back-derivative from pul'satance. «Tokar's approach in the use of both dictionary (OED) and corpus data (YouTube) holds promise of a scholarly breakthrough on the vital linguistic prosodic topic of English stress assignment of doublets and of stress assignment in general.» (Irmengard Rauch, Professor of Germanic Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley)

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Alexander Tokar

Stress Variation in English

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An alternative explanation is that the morphological structure of parental is not the “correct” (i.e., semanticssemantics-based) parent + -al-al but pa-pa- + rental, i.e., the disyllabic righthand string rental, which occurs in English as a separate word, counts morphologically as the root and therefore attracts stress on to its first syllable. (Cf. /satɪsˈfakt(ə)ri/ of satisfactory and /ɒˈkʌlt/ of occult, whose righthand strings /‑ˈfakt(ə)ri/ and /‑ˈkʌlt/ also occur in the OD as the transcription of the initially-stressed trisyllable factory/the monosyllable cult. Cases such as satisfactory–factory or occult–cult constitute ~29.82 % of the 48,428 non-initially-stressed polysyllabic words in the OD dictionary, i.e., in 14,440 non-initially-stressed English words, the righthand string that begins with the primary-stressed syllable also occurs in the OD as the transcription of either an initially-stressed polysyllable or a monosyllable.) Likewise, simply because there is the word oral, mayoral is in American English stressed not only /ˈmeɪər(ə)l/ (OED), preserving the stress of mayor, but also /meɪˈɔr(ə)l/ (OED); pastoral is (also in American English) stressed not only /ˈpæstər(ə)l/, preserving the stress of pastor, but also /pæsˈtɔr(ə)l/ (OED); electoral is, according to Merriam-Webster Online, not only eˈlectoral, preserving the stress of elect(or), but also elecˈtoral. In the YouTube video 1oTFB9wdGl4 (14.06.2016), the stress pattern cliˈtoral is used by an American English speaker whereas in InJCUD0K2co (14.06.2016) a British English speaker can be heard saying cliˈtoral; a YouTube video in which clitoral is interchangeably stressed ˈclitoral and cliˈtoral by one and the same English speaker is _U_wKwVj8i8 (14.06.2016). These stress patterns strongly suggest that some Present-day English speakers analyze the (t)oral of these words as the root, i.e., these -al-al-derivatives are for them not suffixed but prefixed derivatives. Another similar case is the variation /ˈkant(ə)n(ə)l/ vs. /kanˈtɒn(ə)l/ of cantonal (OD). In addition to regarding it as the inherited variation /ˈkantɒn/ vs. /kanˈtɒn/ of canton (OD), the stress pattern /kanˈtɒn(ə)l/ can also be seen as the preserved initial stress of the disyllabic tonal, which occurs in English as a separate word and may therefore (from a purely formal point of view) be perceived as the root of the trisyllabic cantonal.

To reiterate, words with stress doublets challenge the popular assumption that stress in a polysyllabic English word should fall upon a particular syllable when it exhibits a particular segmental makeup (e.g., a long vowel in the penult). Additionally, cases of stress variation among suffixed derivatives raise the question of why in the case of some English suffixes, there is apparently more than one diacritic featurediacritic feature triggering a particular stress-related behavior. It is thus the author’s hope that a systematic account of the phenomenon of stress variation, which will be presented in the following chapters of this monograph, will contribute to a better understanding of the general stress assignment principles by which contemporary English speakers abide when deciding where to place stress in a polysyllabic English word.

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Stress Variation in English

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Alexander Tokar. Stress Variation in English

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